1,721,032 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Biological and genetic bases of Palmaria palmata (Rodhophyta) domestication
No full textL’algue rouge Palmaria palmata utilisée dans l’industrie alimentaire, est récoltée à marée basse dans la zone de balancement des marées. La demande croissante pour cette algue nécessite de franchir un pas pour trouver une alternative économique efficace à la récolte. Plus de 20 années d’essais de culture ont permis d’identifier des méthodes d’ensemencement et de propagation végétative adaptées à la biologie particulière de cette algue rouge, mais sans développement commercial. L’objectif central de mes travaux de thèse était donc de lever les verrous de la domestication de cette espèce. J’ai abordé les premières étapes du processus de domestication chez P. palmata. Ce processus long et complexe nécessitait des connaissances approfondies de sa ressource génétique, de sa reproduction ainsi que des méthodes de conservation de souches en collection. La caractérisation de la ressource est une étape indispensable pour développer une aquaculture durable. Elle nécessite le développement d’outils adaptés afin d’étudier la diversité et la structure génétique des populations sauvages. La compréhension du mode et du système de reproduction de l’espèce est primordiale afin de maîtriser sa propagation en culture, de développer des collections de géniteurs pour initier des programmes de sélection variétale. La structure génétique des populations de P. palmata a été étudiée en utilisant des marqueurs génétiques de type microsatellite que nous avons développé au sein du laboratoire. L’étude des populations le long des côtes bretonnes et à différent niveaux bathymétriques m’a permis de mettre en évidence des différenciations génétiques significatives entre populations séparées par quelques dizaines de mètres. Ces résultats suggèrent d’une part que la dispersion est limitée chez cette espèce et d’autre part que sa structure génétique est fortement influencée par l’isolement spatio-temporel des populations dû au balancement des marées. A plus grande échelle, les résultats confirment l'importance des courants océaniques dominants dans la dispersion de cette espèce. Des expérimentations en jardin commun que j’ai réalisées au laboratoire révèlent des différences de réponses à la température entre populations en fonction de leur origine géographique. Ces résultats ainsi que la différenciation génétique entre populations suggèrent l’existence de phénomènes d’adaptation locale au sein de cette espèce. Contrairement à la majorité des Florideophyceae, le cycle des Palmariales est diphasique. Il se caractérise par l’absence de cystocarpe (phase de multiplication du zygote) et par un dimorphisme important entre mâle et femelle. Les femelles sont microscopiques et les mâles et les tétrasporophytes ont la même forme et peuvent atteindre jusqu’à un mètre de long. L’étude de la biologie des populations en utilisant des outils de génétique des populations m’a permis de mieux comprendre la reproduction chez cette espèce. Les résultats de la phénologie, des génération-ratios et des indices génétiques (Fis, Beta Pareto) montrent que cette espèce se reproduit par voie sexuée. Les croisements expérimentaux réalisés au laboratoire et les observations de terrain suggèrent que les tétrasporophytes présentent une meilleure valeur sélective que les haploïdes. Par ailleurs, j’ai pu montrer expérimentalement que l’initiation de structures reproductrices chez cette espèce dépendait de la taille du thalle. Enfin, dans le but de conserver des souches d’intérêt pour l’algoculture et l’expérimentation, un système de culture versatile capable d’accueillir jusqu’à 120 souches a été développé. Ce système de culture révèle une forte différence d’acclimatation des souches sauvages aux conditions de laboratoire et une grande plasticité morphologique en fonction des conditions de culture. Ces travaux ont donc permis d’établir les bases biologiques et génétiques nécessaire à l’avancement du processus de domestication de cette espèce d’intérêt commercial.The red seaweed Palmaria palmata used mainly in food industry, is harvested in wild populations thriving on rocky foreshores. The increasing market size for this species underline the need to transition from harvester to cultivation. More than 20 years of applied research resulted in seeding and vegetative propagation methods adapted to the particular biology of this species without commercial upscaling. The main aim of this thesis work was to unlock the domestication process of this species I studied the first step of the domestication process of P. palmata. This long and complex process required better knowledge of its genetic resource, its reproduction and strain collection conservation methods. Investigating naturals resource is necessary to develop durable cultivations. Thus, development of adapted tools to study genetic diversity and structure of wild populations is needed. Understanding Reproduction mode and system is also primordial to master its propagation within culture or develop breeding program base on selected strain. We developed microsatellite genetic markers to study genetic structure of P. palmata natural populations. Studies of those populations along Brittany coast, at two tidal level, allowed me to highlight significative genetic differentiation between population distant of few dozen meters. Those result first suggest that dispersion is limited for the species and secondly, its genetic structure is highly impacted by spatial and temporal isolation resulting from tide cycles. At a larger scale, the results corroborate importance of dominant oceanic currents in this species dispersion. The common garden experiment I conducted in lab revealed differences in response to temperature between populations depending on their geographical origins. Those results, along with the genetic differentiation occurring between population, suggest occurrence of local adaptation process ongoing within this species regional distribution range. Contrary to most of the Florideophyceae, Palmariales cycle is biphasic. It’s characterized by the absence of cystocarp (zygotic multiplication phase) and by a marked dimorphism between male and female. The females are microscopic while males and tétrasporophytes are isomorphic et can reach up to one meter in length. Study of population biology using population genetic tools allowed me to better understand this species reproduction. The results of phenology, generation ratio and genetic index (Fis, Beta Pareto) show that this species reproduce sexually. The experimental crosses conducted in lab along with the field observation suggest that tetrasporophytes present a better fitness than haploids. I’ve also experimentally demonstrated that triggering of reproductive structure depend on thallus length. Finally, in order to ensure conservation of strain of interest for cultivation and experimentation, we developed a versatile cultivation system able to keep up to 120 strain with reduced intervention. This system was also use to phenotype strain and revealing high differences of acclimation abilities of wild strains to lab conditions as well as great morphological plasticity depending on lab cultivation conditions. This work permitted to establish the biologic and genetic bases necessary to advance the domestication process of this species of commercial interest
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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