1,721,015 research outputs found
The impact of attachment anxiety on susceptibility to false memories
Get PDFPrevious research shows that people's attachment styles predict memory functioning. For example, people with relatively insecure attachment styles tend to forget relationship-relevant information, as well as negatively bias their emotional evaluations of interpersonal experiences over time. An emerging body of research has also begun to suggest that attachment anxiety in particular relates to people's propensity to experience false memories. The present dissertation describes two randomized experiments which attempted to examine a causal link between attachment anxiety and false memories. Furthermore, the present studies attempted to isolate whether attachment anxiety causes false memories during memory maintenance or retrieval processes.
Participants were primed with either (1) high attachment anxiety, (2) low attachment anxiety, or (3) were not primed prior to retrieval (Study 1) or during maintenance (Study 2). The experimental primes had no main effects on false memories in either study. This may indicate that attachment anxiety does not cause false memories during maintenance or reconstruction. However, future research should explore whether attachment anxiety might cause false memories during encoding processes. Alternatively, it may be the case that the priming paradigms used failed to appropriately manipulate participants' attachment security, which would render the present findings ambiguous. Current procedures for priming attachment security and future directions for studying links between attachment anxiety and false memories are discussed.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Nathan Hudson, accepted the attached license on 2016-02-01 at 08:56.The student, Nathan Hudson, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-02-01 at 09:04.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-02-02 at 10:58.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9057 on 2016-07-07 at 14:16:01Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T21:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-02Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93217
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93217
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93217
Lift date: 2018-07-07T21:18:16Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 93217 on 2018-07-08T09:15:36Z
Candidate gene scoring to predict broad adolescent psychopathology
Get PDFThis Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-23 at 10:50.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12412 on 2018-08-31 at 17:30:15Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-23Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107450
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:47:38Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemCandidate gene effects consistently fail to replicate. However, because it is now known that most genetic effects are incredibly minute, samples of the size typically employed in psychological research were undoubtedly too small to detect the effects of individual candidate genes. In addition, research showing strong genetic correlation among mental disorders suggests data on multiple disorders and their symptoms is the most appropriate for uncovering the etiology of mental illness. That is, single gene, single disorder studies are underpowered. We tested whether the combined effect of 121 candidate genes was sufficient to predict psychopathology in a sample of 343 adolescents. A genetic risk score was created with highly precise effect estimates from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 337,199 people. To maximize the strength of this score, we used transdiagnostic p-factor model scores as our measure of psychopathology. The genetic risk scores failed to predict in our sample and were dwarfed by age and gender effects, mirroring the genes’ weak and mostly non-significant results in the GWAS. Our results are most consistent with the view that the candidate gene approach is obsolete. However, modern molecular genetics studies like GWAS currently lack detailed, thorough phenotype measurement. Future work should focus on developing high quality, deeply phenotyped data currently lacking in large consortia efforts.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Kathryn Schafer, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-20 at 16:54.The student, Kathryn Schafer, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-20 at 17:02.Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107450
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:50:11Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 107450 on 2020-09-05T09:15:20Z
A short measure of sexual self concept
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Previous issue date: 2019-12-13Sexual self-concept (SSC), or the self-evaluation of sexual feelings and behaviors, can influence various health outcomes, such as sexual risk taking and contraceptive use. Much of the research on SSC has been limited to highly specialized samples, and it is not yet widely present in the general social science literature, despite fundamental, far reaching implications of the construct. One likely limiting factor in broader examination of the SSC construct is the perceived complexity. Lack of availability of short measures makes assessment as part of larger batteries relatively impractical. The current study sought to establish the factor structure of a previously developed and validated 100-item, 20-facet measure of SSC (the Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire, MSSCQ; Snell, 1998) and identify a brief measure suitable for regular inclusion in broader research paradigms. Using cross-validation within an existing online sample (N > 17,000), I performed initial exploratory work, estimating the factor structure of the full measure and identifying items for a short form, in 90% of the original sample (discovery N > 15,000), and subsequently performed confirmatory analyses in the remaining 10% (replication N > 1,500). The analytic approach was preregistered at https://osf.io/zgqvm/. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 20 facets suggested that a four-factor structure was present (RMSEA=0.077, TLI=0.88, mean loadings=0.7). I then chose the highest loading items from one-factor confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) within each of the four factors and identified a short form with 16 items (four per factor) with good psychometric properties from item response theory (IRT) evaluations. We performed EFA on the final identified set of 16 items to confirm the maintenance of the four-factor structure in both the discovery sample as well as the set-aside independent replication sample (N > 1,500) I identified and replicated the structure of a short form measure of four factors of SSC in a large online sample. Future research will explore the overlap and differences between SSC and potentially related gender, sexuality, and personality constructs. The availability of an efficient assessment of SSC will allow a greater diversity of research into the development of this critically important, and yet historically under- investigated, identity construct.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2020-02-28 without embargo termsThe student, Kenzhane Pantin, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-12 at 23:20.The student, Kenzhane Pantin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-12-12 at 23:36.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-12-13 at 09:23.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14823 on 2020-02-28 at 17:17:1
A short measure of sexual self concept
No full textSexual self-concept (SSC), or the self-evaluation of sexual feelings and behaviors, can influence various health outcomes, such as sexual risk taking and contraceptive use. Much of the research on SSC has been limited to highly specialized samples, and it is not yet widely present in the general social science literature, despite fundamental, far reaching implications of the construct. One likely limiting factor in broader examination of the SSC construct is the perceived complexity. Lack of availability of short measures makes assessment as part of larger batteries relatively impractical. The current study sought to establish the factor structure of a previously developed and validated 100-item, 20-facet measure of SSC (the Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire, MSSCQ; Snell, 1998) and identify a brief measure suitable for regular inclusion in broader research paradigms. Using cross-validation within an existing online sample (N > 17,000), I performed initial exploratory work, estimating the factor structure of the full measure and identifying items for a short form, in 90% of the original sample (discovery N > 15,000), and subsequently performed confirmatory analyses in the remaining 10% (replication N > 1,500). The analytic approach was preregistered at https://osf.io/zgqvm/. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the 20 facets suggested that a four-factor structure was present (RMSEA=0.077, TLI=0.88, mean loadings=0.7). I then chose the highest loading items from one-factor confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) within each of the four factors and identified a short form with 16 items (four per factor) with good psychometric properties from item response theory (IRT) evaluations. We performed EFA on the final identified set of 16 items to confirm the maintenance of the four-factor structure in both the discovery sample as well as the set-aside independent replication sample (N > 1,500) I identified and replicated the structure of a short form measure of four factors of SSC in a large online sample. Future research will explore the overlap and differences between SSC and potentially related gender, sexuality, and personality constructs. The availability of an efficient assessment of SSC will allow a greater diversity of research into the development of this critically important, and yet historically under- investigated, identity construct
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Incremental validity of character measures over the big five inventory in predicting academic achievement
Get PDFEducationally contextualized character skills, such as grit, need for cognition, intellectual self-concept, mastery orientation, school value, and growth mindset, are important predictors of academic achievement. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these proposed measures provide additional theoretical or empirical utility over established measures of general personality, such as the Big Five. Here, we examine whether character measures display incremental validity over and above the Big Five Inventory and measures of cognitive ability when predicting academic performance. Using a large sample (N = 1,054) of 3rd through 8th grade students, we applied structural equation modeling to partition unique and common predictive power of character measures. The results indicate that multiple character measures demonstrate incremental prediction over and above the Big Five Inventory and cognitive ability. The character measures of need for cognition (ΔR2=7.3% over personality, ΔR2=6.4% over personality and cognitive ability) and school value (ΔR2=8.0%, ΔR2=5.6%) displayed the largest incremental validity. Furthermore, the incremental predictive power of character was shared within the domain of character, except for a unique effect of school value. Multiple psychological dimensions are uniquely associated with academic achievement.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01The student, Anqing Zheng, accepted the attached license on 2018-07-18 at 10:43.The student, Anqing Zheng, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-07-18 at 11:07.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-07-19 at 16:17.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12916 on 2018-09-27 at 11:19:24Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-07-19Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107823
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:34:29Z
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Estimating the consistency of individual differences in personality stability using intensive longitudinal data
Get PDFSubmission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-20 without embargo termsThe student, Andrew Kirks-Cler, accepted the attached license on 2025-07-24 at 23:19.The student, Andrew Kirks-Cler, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-07-24 at 23:47.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-07-25 at 13:43.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22733 on 2025-10-20 at 20:15:47Stability is essential to the definition of personality, as a relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. However, prevalent claims concerning the test-retest stability of personality overlook the possibility that certain individuals may display more stability in their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors across time compared to other individuals. Using intensive longitudinal data collected weekly over 15–16 weeks (N = 2,768; 34,166 observations), this study examines individual differences in short-term personality stability and the temporal consistency of those stability patterns. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) or its short form across 12.3 waves on average. We fit a series of mixed-effect, discrete-time models to estimate within-person stability estimates for each participant across 15 Big Five facets. Results revealed heterogeneity in stability: correlations between first-half and second-half stability estimates were weak, ranging from r = –.085 to r = .16. These results indicate that at the level of within-person personality consistency 1) some facets tend to have greater proportions of participants with positive stability (e.g., Emotional Resilience), 2) some individuals are consistently more stable for a specific facet compared to others, and 3) stability is a property of a person’s dynamic psychological system in a specific context, rather than a fixed property of a construct. If supported in well-powered replications, this result would call into question the centrality of stability to personality constructs, potentially suggesting that stability itself is a temporally unstable individual difference. Our findings underscore the importance of moving beyond group-level trends to examine individual trajectories, with implications for theory, measurement, and interventions targeting personality change
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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