48 research outputs found
Data validation and data quality assessment
No full textOnce data have been recorded, data validation procedures have to be conducted to assess the quality of the data, i.e. give a confidence grade. Furthermore, gaps may occur in time series and, depending on the purposes, these can be given values by application of e.g. interpolation. Since both aspects are strongly correlated, this chapter gives an overview on the main data validation and data curation/imputation methods. Instead of offering exhaustive details on existing methods, this chapter aims at providing concepts for most popular techniques, a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages in the light of different cases of application, and some thoughts on potential impacts of the choices that must be made. Despite involving mathematical methods, data validation remains a largely subjective process: every data user must be aware of those subjectivities.Sanitary Engineerin
Design of a monitoring network: from macro to micro design
No full textThe knowledge of water levels and discharges in urban drainage and stormwater management (UDSM) systems is of key importance to understand their functioning and processes, to evaluate their performance, and to provide data for modelling. In this chapter, devoted mainly to underground combined and separate sewer pipe systems, various methods and technologies are described and discussed. After an introduction to important aspects to deal with when measuring discharges in sewer systems, the following parts are presented successively: (i) measurement of water level with rulers, and pressure, ultrasonic and radar sensors, (ii) measurement of flow velocity with ultrasonic, Doppler, velocity profiler, free surface, and electromagnetic sensors, (iii) direct measurement of discharge with pre-calibrated devices, physical scale models, computational fluid dynamics modelling and use of pumping stations, and (iv) detection and/or measurement of infiltration into and exfiltration from sewers, with flow or pressure measurements, tracer experiments, distributed temperature sensing and geophysical methods.Sanitary Engineerin
Data collection in urban drainage and stormwater management systems – case studies
No full textData collection in urban drainage systems comes with many challenges. However, many examples already exist, containing numerous useful lessons learned. This chapter therefore contains several urban drainage and stormwater management metrology case studies, selected to cover a wide range of scopes, scales, objectives, climates, data validation methods, and data storage approaches. The case studies are initiated by academics as well as by institutions from the water industry.Sanitary Engineerin
CENSEgram-5M
No full textCreated By Félix Gontier and Mathieu Lagrange, LS2N, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Nantes
Contact : [email protected]
If used for research, please refer to:
@article{gontier2021training,
title={Polyphonic training set synthesis improves self-supervised urban sound classification},
author={Félix Gontier and Vincent Lostanlen, and Mathieu Lagrange and Nicolas Fortin and Jean-Francois Petiot and Catherine Lavandier},
journal={The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
year={2021},
publisher={Acoustical Society of America}
}
CENSEgram-5M contains third-octave spectrograms from the CENSE network of acoustic sensors.
These spectrograms correspond to five days of continuous measurements obtained in December 2019 by 16 sensors.
The total duration of the dataset is of the order of 5M seconds, i.e., 1280 hours.
The dataset is stored in a h5 file with one table called sensor that provides description of the sensors (id, latitude, longitude), and two groups that respectively store vectors of spectral and timestamp data.
The audio is made available as third octave spectral data, see demoTob.zip for an implementation of its computation from audio in Python.
From a python interpreter:
import tables as tb
>>> s=tb.open('CENSEgram-5M.h5')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
AttributeError: module 'tables' has no attribute 'open'
>>> s=tb.open_file('CENSEgram-5M.h5')
>>> print(s)
CENSEgram-5M.h5 (File) ''
Last modif.: 'Wed Apr 14 15:08:15 2021'
Object Tree:
/ (RootGroup) ''
/sensor (Table(16,)) 'Sensor information'
/spectrum (Group) 'spectral data third octave bands fast (125ms)'
/spectrum/sensor0 (Array(3296320, 29)) ''
...
/spectrum/sensor15 (Array(3296320, 29)) ''
...
/time (Group) 'time expressed in epoch'
/time/sensor0 (Array(3296320,)) ''
...
/time/sensor15 (Array(3296320,)) ''
The table sensor reads:
$ ptdump CENSEgram-5M.h5:/sensor -d
/sensor (Table(16,)) 'Sensor information'
Data dump:
[0] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-E1-FB-4F', -3.36587, 47.74907, 0)
[1] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-EA-EB-EA', -3.36526, 47.74832, 1)
[2] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-A0-F5-4F', -3.36539, 47.74851, 2)
[3] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-C3-D1-E5', -3.36452, 47.74914, 3)
[4] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-77-1C-26', -3.36609, 47.74945, 4)
[5] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-CC-42-7D', -3.36493, 47.74904, 5)
[6] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-EA-12-88', -3.3684, 47.75114, 6)
[7] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-5D-A9-60', -3.36774, 47.75078, 7)
[8] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-60-92-E2', -3.36571, 47.74877, 8)
[9] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-74-92-77', -3.36495, 47.7479, 9)
[10] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-11-D0-A3', -3.35738, 47.75604, 10)
[11] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-1F-AB-9F', -3.36477, 47.74782, 11)
[12] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-4E-59-87', -3.36639, 47.74987, 12)
[13] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-52-F4-03', -3.3651, 47.74806, 13)
[14] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-20-DA-A9', -3.35946, 47.75488, 14)
[15] (b'urn:osh:sensor:noisemonitoring:B8-27-EB-56-87-4E', -3.3581, 47.75557, 15
MiR-145 expression accelerates esophageal adenocarcinoma progression by enhancing cell invasion and anoikis resistance.
No full textBACKGROUND: Carcinoma of the esophagus has a high case fatality ratio and is now the 6th most common cause of cancer deaths in the world. We previously conducted a study to profile the expression of miRNAs in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) pre and post induction therapy. Of the miRNAs differentially expressed post induction chemoradiation, miR-145, a known tumor suppressor miRNA, was upregulated 8-fold following induction therapy, however, its expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival. This unexpected result was explored in this current study. METHODS: In order to study the role of miR-145 in EAC, miRNA-145 was overexpressed in 3 EAC cell lines (OE33, FLO-1, SK-GT-4) and one ESCC cell line (KYSE-410). After validation of the expression of miR-145, hallmarks of cancer such as cell proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy drugs or anoikis, and cell invasion were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no differences in cell proliferation and 5 FU resistance between miR145 cell lines and the control cell lines. miR-145 expression also had no effect on cisplatin resistance in two of three cell lines (OE33 and FLO-1), but miR-145 appeared to protect SK-GT-4 cells against cisplatin treatment. However, there was a significant difference in cell invasion, cell adhesion and resistance to anoikis. All three EAC miR-145 cell lines invaded more than their respective controls. Similarly, OE33 and SK-GT-4 miR-145 cell lines were able to survive longer in a suspension state. DISCUSSION: While expression of miR-145 in ESCC stopped proliferation and invasion, expression of miR-145 in EAC cells enhanced invasion and anoikis resistance. Although more work is required to understand how miR-145 conveys these effects, expression of miR-145 appears to promote EAC progression by enhancing invasion and protection against anoikis, which could in turn facilitate distant metastasis
Pour une synthèse des débats sur la redéfinition de la « nation québécoise » (1999-2006): Entre confusion et dialogue
No full textDepuis la parution de l’ouvrage de Geneviève Mathieu en 2001 intitulé Qui est Québécois. Synthèse du débat sur la redéfinition de la nation, les discussions entourant le phénomène national au Québec ont bien changé. Fort d’une revue de la littérature internationale des théories de la nation et du nationalisme, cette thèse dresse un portrait de ces débats entre 1999 à 2006. De plus, en s’inspirant de la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu ainsi que du travail polémologique de Dominique Garand, l’auteur démontre que ces débats possèdent les traits d’une véritable polémique. Cette période serait marquée par la présence de trois principaux courants luttant afin de faire triompher leur représentation respective de la nation et du nationalisme au Québec : le courant révisionniste, défendu principalement par Gérard Bouchard; le courant pluraliste, mis de l’avant pour l’essentiel par Jocelyn Létourneau et Jocelyn Maclure; ainsi que le courant conservateur, dont les principaux représentants sont Jacques Beauchemin et Joseph-Yvon Thériault. Bien que Mathieu considère avec justesse que la position défendue par Bouchard avait le vent dans les voiles en 2000, l’auteur remarque qu’elle fit cependant les frais, dans les années qui suivirent, des approches pluraliste et conservatrice. Cet alignement des forces ne s’expliquerait pas seulement par la configuration des désaccords sur le plan idéel, mais aussi par la position relative occupée par chaque courant dans le champ intellectuel québécois. Finalement, l’auteur conclut que le courant révisionniste ne s’est jamais complètement remis des critiques qui lui ont été adressées. Ce serait maintenant le courant conservateur qui aurait pris le dessus et qui se serait même institutionnalisé en devenant particulièrement influant auprès du Parti québécois. Since the publication in 2001 of Geneviève Mathieu’s book Qui est Québécois. Synthèse du débat sur la redéfinition de la nation, the discussions surrounding the national phenomenon in Quebec have changed. With a review of the international literature theories on nation and nationalism, this thesis provides a portrait of these discussions between 1999 and 2006. Furthermore, drawing on the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and the polemological work of Dominique Garand, the author demonstrates that these debates have the features of a polemic. This period is marked by the presence of three main streams struggling to impose their respective representation of the nation and nationalism in Quebec: the revisionist approach defended mainly by Gérard Bouchard; the pluralist one, put forward essentially by Jocelyn Létourneau and Jocelyn Maclure; and the conservative current whose main representatives are Jacques Beauchemin and Joseph- Yvon Thériault. Although Mathieu rightly considered that the position defended by Bouchard was promising in 2000, the author notes, however, that both the pluralist and conservative approaches have thereafter consistently criticize his conception. This alignment of forces cannot be explained only by the configuration of the strictly intellectual disagreements, but also by the relative position occupied by each current in the Quebec intellectual field. Finally, the author concludes that the revisionist approach has never fully recovered from these criticisms. In fact, the conservative current would have taken over and institutionalized itself by becoming particularly influential with the Parti Québécois
Pour une synthèse des débats sur la redéfinition de la « nation québécoise » (1999-2006): Entre confusion et dialogue
No full textDepuis la parution de l’ouvrage de Geneviève Mathieu en 2001 intitulé Qui est Québécois. Synthèse du débat sur la redéfinition de la nation, les discussions entourant le phénomène national au Québec ont bien changé. Fort d’une revue de la littérature internationale des théories de la nation et du nationalisme, cette thèse dresse un portrait de ces débats entre 1999 à 2006. De plus, en s’inspirant de la théorie des champs de Pierre Bourdieu ainsi que du travail polémologique de Dominique Garand, l’auteur démontre que ces débats possèdent les traits d’une véritable polémique. Cette période serait marquée par la présence de trois principaux courants luttant afin de faire triompher leur représentation respective de la nation et du nationalisme au Québec : le courant révisionniste, défendu principalement par Gérard Bouchard; le courant pluraliste, mis de l’avant pour l’essentiel par Jocelyn Létourneau et Jocelyn Maclure; ainsi que le courant conservateur, dont les principaux représentants sont Jacques Beauchemin et Joseph-Yvon Thériault. Bien que Mathieu considère avec justesse que la position défendue par Bouchard avait le vent dans les voiles en 2000, l’auteur remarque qu’elle fit cependant les frais, dans les années qui suivirent, des approches pluraliste et conservatrice. Cet alignement des forces ne s’expliquerait pas seulement par la configuration des désaccords sur le plan idéel, mais aussi par la position relative occupée par chaque courant dans le champ intellectuel québécois. Finalement, l’auteur conclut que le courant révisionniste ne s’est jamais complètement remis des critiques qui lui ont été adressées. Ce serait maintenant le courant conservateur qui aurait pris le dessus et qui se serait même institutionnalisé en devenant particulièrement influant auprès du Parti québécois. Since the publication in 2001 of Geneviève Mathieu’s book Qui est Québécois. Synthèse du débat sur la redéfinition de la nation, the discussions surrounding the national phenomenon in Quebec have changed. With a review of the international literature theories on nation and nationalism, this thesis provides a portrait of these discussions between 1999 and 2006. Furthermore, drawing on the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and the polemological work of Dominique Garand, the author demonstrates that these debates have the features of a polemic. This period is marked by the presence of three main streams struggling to impose their respective representation of the nation and nationalism in Quebec: the revisionist approach defended mainly by Gérard Bouchard; the pluralist one, put forward essentially by Jocelyn Létourneau and Jocelyn Maclure; and the conservative current whose main representatives are Jacques Beauchemin and Joseph- Yvon Thériault. Although Mathieu rightly considered that the position defended by Bouchard was promising in 2000, the author notes, however, that both the pluralist and conservative approaches have thereafter consistently criticize his conception. This alignment of forces cannot be explained only by the configuration of the strictly intellectual disagreements, but also by the relative position occupied by each current in the Quebec intellectual field. Finally, the author concludes that the revisionist approach has never fully recovered from these criticisms. In fact, the conservative current would have taken over and institutionalized itself by becoming particularly influential with the Parti Québécois
General introduction and book layout
No full textThis introductory chapter indicates why well-defined, high-standard, and reliable monitoring is a key aspect in the necessary evolution of urban drainage and stormwater management and why it should become routine practice. It provides a framework, guidelines, and recommendations to define monitoring objectives and means. It also presents the structure and the chapters of the rest of the book.Sanitary Engineerin
Lorient-1k
No full text<p>Created By Félix Gontier and Mathieu Lagrange, LS2N, CNRS, Ecole Centrale Nantes</p>
<p>Contact : [email protected]</p>
<p>If used for research, please refer to:</p>
<pre>@article{gontier2021training,
title={Polyphonic training set synthesis improves self-supervised urban sound classification},
author={Félix Gontier and Vincent Lostanlen, and Mathieu Lagrange and Nicolas Fortin and Jean-Francois Petiot and Catherine Lavandier},
journal={The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
year={2021},
publisher={Acoustical Society of America}
}
</pre>
<p>Lorient-1k contains 30 acoustic scenes of duration equal to 45 seconds.<br>These scenes were recorded with Zoom H4n handheld devices at 10 different locations of Lorient (France).<br>Four experts annotated the onset and offset times of three sources of interest: traffic, voice, and birds. Those annotations have been taken into account to produce a single annotations that is coherent with the notion of perceived time of presence. That is, the sum of activations per scene and per source is coherent with the perceived time of presence.</p>
<p><br>The total duration of the dataset is of the order of 1.35k seconds, i.e., 22.5 minutes.</p>
<p>The audio is provided as third-octave spectral data and mel spectrograms (as of YAMNET). The audio is made available as third octave spectral data, see demoTob.zip for an implementation of its computation from audio in Python.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>From a python interpreter :</p>
<p>>> import numpy as np</p>
<p>>> s=np.load('Lorient-1k_spectralData.npy')</p>
<p>>> print(s.shape)</p>
<p>(30, 351, 29)</p>
<p>The three dimensions respectively corresponds to the sceneId, the frameId (time), and the spectralId (frequency).</p>
<p>>> a=np.load('Lorient-1k_presence.npy')</p>
<p>>> print(a.shape)</p>
<p>(30, 344, 3)</p>
<p>The third and fourth dimensions respectively corresponds to the sceneId, the frameId (time), the sourceId (traffic, voice, birds) and the annotatorId. Annotation is provided as a binary indicator of source presence for one second, that is 8 consecutive 125 ms frames with a hop of one frame.</p>
<p>>> a=np.load('Lorient-1k_time_of_presence.npy')</p>
<p>The time of presence is expressed in percents, per scene, and per source.</p>
<p>>> print(a.shape)</p>
<p>(30, 3)</p>
<p>The audio files are also available in the form of 16bits 44.1kHz wav files. Audio files are named in the same order as the first dimension of the .npy files : 00x.wav third-octaves and time of presence evaluation are accessed using s[x-1, :, : ] and a[x-1, :, : ]</p>
