1,720,987 research outputs found
Maurice Leblanc et Notre vieux lycée
No full textDerouard Jacques. Maurice Leblanc et Notre vieux lycée. In: Études Normandes, 55e année, n°1, 2006. Arsène Lupin, gentleman normand. pp. 23-34
Maurice Leblanc, écrivain normand
No full textDerouard Jacques. Maurice Leblanc, écrivain normand. In: Études Normandes, 55e année, n°1, 2006. Arsène Lupin, gentleman normand. pp. 11-22
Quantitative analysis of hidden particles diffusing behind a scattering layer using speckle correlation
No full textInternational audienceSpeckle-correlation imaging is a family of methods that makes use of the “memory effect” to image objects hidden behind visually opaque layers. Here, we show that a correlation analysis can be applied to quantitative imaging of an ensemble of dynamic fluorescent beads diffusing on a 2D surface. We use an epi-fluorescence microscope where both the illumination and detection light patterns are speckled, due to light scattering by a thin disordered layer. The spatio-temporal cross-correlation of the detection speckle pattern is calculated as a function of lag time and spatial shift and is used to determine the diffusion constant and number of fluorescent particles in the sample without requiring any phase retrieval procedure. It is worth to note that the “memory effect” range is not required to extend beyond a distance of few speckle grains, thus making our method potentially useful for nearly arbitrary values of the thickness of the scattering layer
Localization of fluorescent inclusions in diffusive media by using laser techniques. Application to in vivo biomedical diagnosis.
No full textLa tomographie de fluorescence est une méthode d'imagerie préclinique et clinique permettant de localiser des traceurs fluorescents préalablement injectés ou naturellement présents dans un organisme vivant. Ce travail de thèse à consisté, dans un premier temps, à définir l'architecture et les conditions d'utilisation optimales d'un tomographe de fluorescence continu appliqué à l'observation de tissus de faible épaisseur. On s'est en particulier attaché à traiter le problème de l'observation de tissus hétérogènes et d'organes fortement absorbants. Dans un deuxième temps, pour observer des tissus de plus grande épaisseur, nous avons montré l'apport de la mesure du temps de vol moyen des photons pour améliorer la localisation d'inclusions fluorescentes. Les performances de deux types de systèmes capables de réaliser ce type de mesure ont été comparées et nous avons proposé un protocole permettant d'en optimiser les principaux paramètres. Notre procédé a été appliqué à la problématique du guidage de biopsies prostatiques. Il pourra aussi être utilisé pour visualiser d'autres pathologies moyennant une simple adaptation.Fluorescence tomography is a preclinical and clinical imaging method which aims to localize fluorescent probes injected into a living organism. In this thesis work, we defined the optimal design and parameters of a continuous wave fluorescent tomograph applied to thin tissue observation. We handled the problem of observing heterogeneous and highly absorbing organs. Secondly, we showed the advantage of time of flight measurement for inclusion detection through thicker tissues. The detection performances of two types of system capable of these measurements were compared and we proposed a protocol to optimize their main parameters. This process was applied to the problematic of prostatic biopsy guiding. It would also be used to detect and localize other pathologies by means of a simple adaptation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Diffuse optical tomography : a time-resolved approach for reflectance measurements at short source-detector separation
No full textLa tomographie optique diffuse (TOD) est une technique d'imagerie médicale émergente utilisant la lumière proche infrarouge pour sonder les tissus biologiques. A partir de mesures non-invasives, cette technique permet d'obtenir les cartes en trois dimensions des coefficients d'absorption et de diffusion à l'intérieur des organes. Avec une approche multi-spectrale, la distribution spatiale des chromophores endogènes (hémoglobine, eau) peut aussi être obtenue. Pour certaines applications cliniques, il est souhaitable d'effectuer les mesures de TOD avec une sonde compacte qui regroupe tous les couples source-détecteur. Cependant, dans cette configuration, la sensibilité en profondeur est un défi majeur. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons d'adresser ce challenge en utilisant des mesures résolues en temps. Une approche résolue en temps est développée pour optimiser la TOD dans le cas des mesures de réflectance à faibles distances source-détecteur. Cette approche inclut des aspects méthodologiques concernant le traitement des mesures résolues en temps par des algorithmes de TOD basés sur la transformée de Mellin-Laplace. Cette approche comporte aussi un volet instrumental qui consiste à optimiser la chaîne de détection sur deux points précis pour améliorer la détection et la localisation de contraste d'absorption en profondeur dans les milieux diffusants. Tout d'abord, l'impact de la réponse temporelle du détecteur est étudié avec des détecteurs de photons uniques disponibles dans le commerce (photomultiplicateurs classiques et hybrides). Dans un second temps, l'augmentation de la profondeur sondée avec de nouveaux détecteurs de photons uniques, les fast-gated single-photon avalanche diodes, est explorée au cours d'une collaboration avec le Politecnico de Milan. Pour finir, une étude illustre les performances de l'approche proposée en termes de résolution spatiale en profondeur pour différents arrangements des sources et détecteurs dans une sonde optique. Des sondes optiques dont la largeur est limitée à quelques centimètres ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles applications cliniques pour la TOD. Ces sondes peuvent accéder à des organes internes comme la prostate ou faciliter les examens médicaux sur des organes externes comme le sein ou le cerveau.Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an emerging medical imaging technique using near-infrared light to probe biological tissues. This technique can retrieve three-dimensional maps of absorption and scattering coefficients inside organs from non-invasive measurements. With a multispectral approach, the spatial distribution of endogenous chromophores (hemoglobin, water) can even be obtained. For some clinical applications, it is desirable to carry out the measurements for DOT with a compact probe including all sources and detectors. However, the depth sensitivity is a real challenge in this configuration. We propose to tackle this challenge by using time-resolved measurements. A time-resolved approach is developed to perform DOT with reflectance measurements at short source-detector separation. This approach involves methodological aspects including the processing of time-resolved signals by DOT algorithms based on the Mellin-Laplace transform. Then, this approach consists in optimizing the detection chain on two aspects for enhancing the detection and localization of absorption contrast in depth in diffusive media. First, the impact of the temporal response of the detector is studied with commercially available single-photon detectors (classical and hybrid photomultipliers). Second, the enhancements in probed depth permitted with fast-gated single-photon avalanche diodes are explored in a joint work with the Politecnico di Milano. To finish, a study is carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach with respect to spatial resolution in depth for different configurations of sources and detectors in the optical probe. Probes with a width limited to a few centimeters open the gate to multiple clinical interests. They could access intern organs like the prostate or facilitate the measurements on extern organs like the breast or the brain
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
