246 research outputs found
Projection methods and scenarios for public and private pension information
No full textPublic pensions - the primary pillar of old-age income provision - will, in the future, be less generous than they have been in the past, in particular owing to the impact of demographic change. The pension gap is supposed to be plugged by the second and third pillars of pension provision. However, people require reliable planning information if they are to exercise greater individual responsibility. It is therefore absolutely essential that adequate information is made available about the level of pension benefits that will be generated by each pillar of old-age pension provision. This paper outlines a number of different means of presenting the level of future pensions and the assumptions on which such extrapolations are necessarily based. Our work is based on an assumed average rate of inflation of 1.5% and an average rate of real income growth not exceeding 1.5%. This last figure is derived from calculations made in the framework of a macroeconomic simulation model. This model also shows that while the funded pillar of old-age pension provision is not entirely immune to population aging, it is not substantially threatened by a substantial decrease in stock market prices, the so-called "asset meltdown".
Overconfident but yet well-calibrated and underconfident: A research note on judgmental miscalibration and flawed self-assessment*
No full textThe present paper addresses the question whether overconfidence is an individually stable phenomenon. A within-subjects design was used to investigate whether judgmental miscalibration also reflects tendency to make flawed self-assessments. While the former notion refers to the tendency of individuals to put unrealistic beliefs in their judgments, the latter concerns the tendency of individuals to make inaccurate evaluations of their abilities and performance. On the whole, the paper finds little support that those two tendencies should be related. Depending on the employed measurement, the participants were found to be simultaneously overconfident, well-calibrated, and underconfident.
Female Artist Figures in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin
No full textThe author is dead; long live the author. In a time when discourses, words and structures determine the discussion about literary texts, paradoxically, the figure of the artist looms large in novels, short stories, movies and plays. In a “post-Barthesian age” (Scherzinger) the figure of the artist is ascribed more and more significance. While the portraits of the artist as a young man are well-researched and documented, female artist figures in literature(s) in English are still more or less neglected. This volume of anglistik & englischunterricht attempts to fill the gap. The focus of the essays lies, firstly, on the (de-)constructions of gender, secondly, the complex self-reflexive functions of the artist figures and, thirdly, on the negotiations of cultural faultlines
Female Artist Figures in Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin
No full textThe author is dead; long live the author. In a time when discourses, words and structures determine the discussion about literary texts, paradoxically, the figure of the artist looms large in novels, short stories, movies and plays. In a “post-Barthesian age” (Scherzinger) the figure of the artist is ascribed more and more significance. While the portraits of the artist as a young man are well-researched and documented, female artist figures in literature(s) in English are still more or less neglected. This volume of anglistik & englischunterricht attempts to fill the gap. The focus of the essays lies, firstly, on the (de-)constructions of gender, secondly, the complex self-reflexive functions of the artist figures and, thirdly, on the negotiations of cultural faultlines
"Ta en sup - å va' som folk?" - studie av en läsardebatt kring föräldrars alkoholvanor på Aftonbladet.se
No full textAuthor: Anette Olsson Title: Have a drink – be a sport? Study of a reader debate concerning the drinking habits of parents on Aftonbladet.se. Supervisor: Håkan Jönson The aim of this study is to through a readers debate, sparked by an article in the media, look at as to whether the drinking habits of a parent could be considered as being problematic or not. I chose to view the debate from a social constructionist perspective. As such I looked for the underlying themes of the debate. I found that the child was portrayed as a victim who suffered great harm. The parent, when portrayed as an offender, was someone selfish who by drinking alcohol put their child’s wellbeing at risk. Alcohol was debated as whether being a poison or a substance to enjoy. Also the risks of getting caught in substance abuse were discussed. Keywords: alcohol, parenting, child neglect, media, social constructionis
Equivalence between best responses and undominated
No full textFor games with expected utility maximizing players whose strategy sets are finite, Pearce (1984) shows that a strategy is strictly dominated by some mixed strategy, if and only if, this strategy is not a best response to some belief about opponents' strategy choice. This note generalizes Pearce's (1984) equivalence result to games with expected utility maximizing players whose strategy sets are arbitrary compact sets.
Household Composition and Savings: An Overview
No full textIn recent years the literature on household saving behavior has been enriched by a number of contributions focusing on the problem of modeling a household as a single decision unit. It has reasonably been argued that with respect to household consumption and saving behavior the simple approach of modeling households as one representative decider could involve major mistakes. Thus the literature has enriched the basic model by incorporating variables that describe the composition of a household examples being the number and age of children, household member�s life expectancies and the intra-household distribution of income. This paper reviews these developments and empirical results in the latest literature, with a particular focus on intra-household income distributions.
Tourist entrepreneurs ́ experiences of co-operation wif university students for Sustainable Destination Development
No full textTourist entrepreneurs ́ experiences of co-operation wif university students for Sustainable Destination Development Anette Oxenswärdh Purpose: Teh Purpose of dis study is to describe tourist entrepreneurs' experiences of co-operation wif university students solving teh entrepreneurs' practical challenges for Sustainable Development. Methods: A qualitative approach is used in dis study. Eleven destination entrepreneurs on teh island of Gotland, Sweden, responded to an online survey. Teh survey guide contained questions about entrepreneurs' backgrounds, teh business's art, teh challenge offered to teh students, experiences over teh co-operation wif teh students, and solutions to teh students' challenges. Besides, teh questionnaire included questions on how entrepreneurs experienced teh suggestions and how they were planning they're implementation. Also, questions over sustainability issues were brought up in teh questionnaire. Analyse of these responses were made by using theoretical concepts such as learning, problem-solving, meaning- and sense-making. Results and Discussion: Teh study's significant implication is dat destination entrepreneurs are optimistic about using university students in organisational change approaches. Also, teh students fill teh gap for teh needs of theoretical and practical noledge of teh challenges. Teh exchange of noledge, not least in sustainability matters, is of great importance to both parties and promotes learning. Entrepreneurs need reciprocity in relationships and collaboration wif university. They need to be confirmed as essential and valuable resources and committed as actors in developing destinations. Implications: Teh study results show teh importance of paying more attention to teh role of small entrepreneurs in teh development of destinations and they're work of sustainability. Co-operation between universities and entrepreneurs should be nuanced by highlighting these entrepreneurs' practical needs. Keywords co-operation, destination development, small entrepreneurs, sustainability, value creation Author Anette Oxenswärdh, Associate Professor Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden [email protected] </p
8p23.1 duplication syndrome differentiated from copy number variation of the defensin cluster at prenatal diagnosis in four new families
No full textBackground: the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome and copy number variation of the 8p23.1 defensin gene cluster are cytogenetically indistinguishable but distinct at the molecular level. To our knowledge, the 8p23.1 duplication syndrome has been described at prenatal diagnosis only once and we report our experience with four further apparent duplications ascertained at prenatal diagnosis.Methods: additional material at band 8p23.1 was detected using conventional G-banded cytogenetics in each case. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) or Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) were used depending on whether only DNA (Cases 1 and 4) or cytogenetic preparations (Cases 2 and 3) were available from the laboratory of origin. The extent of the duplication in Case 1 was retrospectively determined using array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (array CGH).Results: three cases of 8p23.1 duplication syndrome were found (Cases 1 to 3). Two were de novo and continued to term and the third, a paternally transmitted duplication, was terminated because of a previous child with psychomotor delay and 8p23.1 duplication syndrome. Case 1 was ascertained with a hypoplastic left heart but the ventricular septal and interventricular defects, in Cases 2 and 3 respectively, were found after ascertainment for advanced maternal age. By contrast, case 4 was a maternally transmitted copy number variation of the defensin cluster with normal outcome.Conclusions: our data underline the need to differentiate 8p23.1 duplications from copy number variation of the defensin cluster using FISH, MLPA or array CGH. Cardiac defects were ascertained by ultrasound in only one of the three duplication 8p23.1 pregnancies but were visible in two of the three at 21 to 22 weeks gestation. Our results provide further evidence that both deletion and duplication of the GATA4 transcription factor can give rise to a variety of conotruncal heart defects with variable penetrance and expressivit
The Uncontrolled Social Utility Hypothesis Revisited
No full textThe experiment disentangles communication and social effect in face−to−face communication. The results question the previous interpretation of communication effects in ultimatum bargaining, and suggest that separate processes, both of a strategic and of an affective−social nature induce cooperative outcomes.
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