1,720,962 research outputs found
Review of early storage media degradation factors, preservation techniques and trends in Ethiopia
No full textSince the invention of the Gramophone by Thomas Edison in 1877 society has used different storage media to record and store sound as important aspect of human life. Continued preservation of these data for the generation to come has been regarded as important goal of archivist and libraries. However, since analog storage media are not permanent, these storage media are under risk of degradation and damage. As a result, several preservation techniques and guidelines have been prepared and applied to prolong the shelve life of these analog storage media. These preservation techniques slow down the rate of degradation; they do not stop or reverse it. As a result, the long-term solution is the digitization of these recordings and copying them into the newest format whenever there is a format change. A review of degradation factors affecting storage media, preservation techniques, digital preservation guidelines and current preservation techniques employed in Ethiopia are presented in this paper. From the review, it has been observed that even though there are some institutions in Ethiopia that have understood the problem of degradation and have taken actions to decrease its effect, some institutions have not taken proper analog and digital preservation actions. As a result, the statuses of their archives are not known and significant portions of their archives are expected to be degraded
Tension between Traditional and Modern Teaching-Learning Approaches in Ethiopian Primary Schools
No full textTension between Traditional and Modern Teaching-Learning Approaches in Ethiopian Primary Schools
Full text linkWhether a particular education system is of high or low quality can be judged in terms of input, output and process. Until recently, however, much discussion of educational quality is centered on only system inputs in terms of the provision of teachers, teaching materials and other facilities, and on output in terms of students' achievement. However, due to financial constraints, the government has realized that improving the quality of education through improved input is more difficult. Thus, the government chose to improve quality of education by improving the teaching-learning process, which it assumed as cost-effective. This study thus, was aimed at finding out the extent to which the innovative approaches of teaching and learning are employed under the Ethiopian tradition of teaching at primary schools, to identify the factors that affect its implementation, and finally recommend better ways and means for further improvement. By employing a descriptive survey research method, the study found out that although the employment of innovative teaching and learning is emphasized in the policy, currently traditional lecture methods, in which teachers talk and students listen, dominate most classrooms. The common obstacles found are: the Ethiopian tradition of teaching and child upbringing, lack of institutional and learning resources, teachers' lack of expertise, inappropriate curricular materials for active learning and students' lack of prior experience to actively participate in the teaching and learning process
Bimodal biometrics for efficient human recognition using wavelet, principal component analysis and artificial neural network
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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