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Nasal cytology with deep learning techniques
No full textBackground
In recent years, cytological observations in the Rhinology field are being increasingly utilized. This development has taken place over the last two decades and has proven to be fundamental in defining new nosological entities and in driving changes in the previous classification of rhinitis. The simplicity of the technique and its low invasiveness make nasal cytology a practical diagnostic tool for all rhino-allergology services. Furthermore, since it allows the monitoring of responses to treatment, this method plays an important role in guiding a more effective and less expensive diagnostic program. Microscopic observation requires prolonged effort by a specialist, but the modern scanning systems for cytological preparations and the new affordable digital microscopes allow to design a software support system, based on deep learning techniques, to relieve specialist’s tiring activity.
Basic procedure
By means of the system presented in this paper, it is possible to automatically identify and classify cells present on a nasal cytological preparation based on a digital image of the preparation itself. Thus, an interesting diagnostic support has been made available to the rhino-cytologist, who can quickly verify that the cells have been correctly classified by the software system: any few unclassified or incorrectly classified cells can be quickly sorted by the specialist itself, then one or more diagnosis can be suggested by this system, taking into consideration also the anamnesis of each patient. The final diagnosis can be defined by the specialist, also based on the result of the prick test and the observation of the nasal cavity.
Findings
In the system presented herein, image processing and image segmentation techniques have been used to find images of cellular elements within the preparation. Cell classification is based on a convolutional neural network composed of three blocks of main layers. Cell identification (first step, image segmentation) exhibits sensitivity greater than 97%, while cell classification (second step, seven cytotypes) attained a mean accuracy of approximately 99% on the test set and 94% on the validation set.
Conclusions
This complete system supports clinicians in the preparation of a rhino-cytogram report
A Smartphone-Based Cell Segmentation to Support Nasal Cytology
Get PDFRhinology studies the anatomy, physiology, and diseases affecting the nasal region—one of the most modern techniques to diagnose these diseases is nasal cytology, which involves microscopic analysis of the cells contained in the nasal mucosa. The standard clinical protocol regulates the compilation of the rhino-cytogram by observing, for each slide, at least 50 fields under an optical microscope to evaluate the cell population and search for cells important for diagnosis. The time and effort required for the specialist to analyze a slide are significant. In this paper, we present a smartphones-based system to support cell segmentation on images acquired directly from the microscope. Then, the specialist can analyze the cells and the other elements extracted directly or, alternatively, he can send them to Rhino-cyt, a server system recently presented in the literature, that also performs the automatic cell classification, giving back the final rhinocytogram. This way he significantly reduces the time for diagnosing. The system crops cells with sensitivity = 0.96, which is satisfactory because it shows that cells are not overlooked as false negatives are few, and therefore largely sufficient to support the specialist effectively. The use of traditional image processing techniques to preprocess the images also makes the process sustainable from the computational point of view for medium–low end architectures and is battery-efficient on a mobile phone
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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