1,720,959 research outputs found
Neural gating of respiratory sensations in patients with self-reported dysfunctional breathing and healthy controls.
No full textBackground. Self-reported dysfunctional breathing (SDB) involves dyspnea without known underlying respiratory pathophysiology. We investigated whether neural gating of respiratory sensations is altered in this patient group.
Methods. 10 DB patients (Nijmegen total score 31±11) and 10 healthy controls underwent three levels of resistive load-induced dyspnea with concurrent electroencephalography measurement. The levels (each 2x4 minutes in counterbalanced order) were individually calibrated to induce “no”, “mild”, and “strong” dyspnea. Dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness were rated on a modified Borg scale for each level. Paired inspiratory occlusions evoked the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP). Neural gating of respiratory sensations (NGRS) was calculated as the ratio of the RREP N1 peak amplitude of the second (S2) over the first (S1) occlusion.
Results. Mixed design ANOVAs showed significant increases in the Borg ratings with increasing dyspnea levels (all p’s<.001). Furthermore, the Borg ratings were significantly higher in the SDB group (p’s<.05) for each dyspnea level. Both, the S1 N1 and S2 N1 peak amplitudes significantly decreased with increasing dyspnea levels (both p’s<.001) and a significant dyspnea level x group interaction effect was found for S2 N1. NGRS did not significantly change across the different levels (p=.08), and did not significantly differ between the SDB and control group (p=.65).
Discussion. The results suggest that SDB patients perceive dyspnea as more intense and unpleasant across different levels. While this difference in experience was not paralleled by different NGRS, the S2 N1 peak amplitude more strongly decreased with increasing dyspnea in patients with SDB in this preliminary sample
Neural gating of respiratory sensations in patients with self-reported dysfunctional breathing and healthy controls.
No full textBackground. Self-reported dysfunctional breathing (SDB) involves dyspnea without known underlying respiratory pathophysiology. We investigated whether neural gating of respiratory sensations is altered in this patient group.
Methods. 10 DB patients (Nijmegen total score 31±11) and 10 healthy controls underwent three levels of resistive load-induced dyspnea with concurrent electroencephalography measurement. The levels (each 2x4 minutes in counterbalanced order) were individually calibrated to induce “no”, “mild”, and “strong” dyspnea. Dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness were rated on a modified Borg scale for each level. Paired inspiratory occlusions evoked the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP). Neural gating of respiratory sensations (NGRS) was calculated as the ratio of the RREP N1 peak amplitude of the second (S2) over the first (S1) occlusion.
Results. Mixed design ANOVAs showed significant increases in the Borg ratings with increasing dyspnea levels (all p’s<.001). Furthermore, the Borg ratings were significantly higher in the SDB group (p’s<.05) for each dyspnea level. Both, the S1 N1 and S2 N1 peak amplitudes significantly decreased with increasing dyspnea levels (both p’s<.001) and a significant dyspnea level x group interaction effect was found for S2 N1. NGRS did not significantly change across the different levels (p=.08), and did not significantly differ between the SDB and control group (p=.65).
Discussion. The results suggest that SDB patients perceive dyspnea as more intense and unpleasant across different levels. While this difference in experience was not paralleled by different NGRS, the S2 N1 peak amplitude more strongly decreased with increasing dyspnea in patients with SDB in this preliminary sample
Affective traits, states, and breathlessness
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: Breathlessness is a prevalent and aversive symptom in various conditions and closely related to affect. Here, we review recent literature from the previous 18 months examining the interactions between affective traits and states with breathlessness. RECENT FINDINGS: Available studies used various qualitative, quantitative, and experimental research designs in diverse samples of patients with breathlessness and in healthy individuals. Most studies clearly demonstrated that nonspecific forms of negative affective personality traits such as anxiety and depression, disease or symptom-specific forms such as fear-of-dyspnea and fear-of-physical activity as well as short-lasting negative affective states such as experimentally induced fear were associated with greater breathlessness. Moreover, breathlessness was shown to evoke negative affect, whereas positive affect reduced breathlessness. Different treatment approaches demonstrated concurrent beneficial effects on both negative affect and breathlessness and several potential mechanisms underlying these interactions were suggested. SUMMARY: Negative affect is common in diverse patient groups suffering from breathlessness and is related to increased burden because of breathlessness. Future research is required to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations together with increased clinical efforts for improved detection and treatment of negative affect in breathless patients.sponsorship: A.L. is supported by research grants from the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgium (GOA4516N and GOA3718N), by an infrastructure grant from the FWO and the Research Fund KU Leuven, Belgium (AKUL/19/06; 1011320N), and by the 'Asthenes' longterm structural funding Methusalem grant (METH/15/011) by the Flemish Government, Belgium. (Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgium|GOA4516N, Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgium|GOA3718N, FWO, Belgium|AKUL/19/06, FWO, Belgium|1011320N, Research Fund KU Leuven, Belgium|AKUL/19/06, Research Fund KU Leuven, Belgium|1011320N, 'Asthenes' longterm structural funding Methusalem grant by the Flemish Government, Belgiu|METH/15/011)status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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