7 research outputs found
New Ibuprofen Cystamine Salts With Improved Solubility and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect
No full textAbstract Two novel ibuprofen cystamine salts (IBU‐CYS 1 and IBU‐CYS 2) are synthesized by coupling the anion of ibuprofen with cystamine dihydrochloride in 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratio to improve the solubility and bioavailability of ibuprofen. The salts are characterized by 1H NMR, FT‐IR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA, DTA) and X‐ray diffraction measurements. IBU‐CYS 1 and IBU‐CYS 2 show higher solubility (6.11 and 7.81 mg/mL) compared to ibuprofen (0.04 mg/mL) in water. IBU‐CYS2 was encapsulated into 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate: poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate hydrogels for enhanced delivery. The in vitro studies in PBS (pH 7.4) indicate that the salts are effective in relieving inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells (nitrite inhibition percentages of IBU‐CYS 1, IBU‐CYS 2 and ibuprofen: approximately 34.29, 27.03 and 31.50 respectively) while indicating no cytotoxicity. Therefore, these salts may be promising candidates for the development of effective formulations of this drug
New Ibuprofen Cystamine Salts With Improved Solubility and Anti-Inflammatory Effect
No full textTwo novel ibuprofen cystamine salts (IBU-CYS 1 and IBU-CYS 2) are synthesized by coupling the anion of ibuprofen with cystamine dihydrochloride in 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratio to improve the solubility and bioavailability of ibuprofen. The salts are characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA, DTA) and X-ray diffraction measurements. IBU-CYS 1 and IBU-CYS 2 show higher solubility (6.11 and 7.81 mg/mL) compared to ibuprofen (0.04 mg/mL) in water. IBU-CYS2 was encapsulated into 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate: poly (ethylene glycol) acrylate hydrogels for enhanced delivery. The in vitro studies in PBS (pH 7.4) indicate that the salts are effective in relieving inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 macrophage cells (nitrite inhibition percentages of IBU-CYS 1, IBU-CYS 2 and ibuprofen: approximately 34.29, 27.03 and 31.50 respectively) while indicating no cytotoxicity. Therefore, these salts may be promising candidates for the development of effective formulations of this drug. © 2024 The Authors. ChemistryOpen published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.The Yeditepe University Open Access System is a compendium of indexed publications. Copyright and usage rights may be held by publishers and/or authors. The collection was established for the scientific publications prepared by Yeditepe University academicians and is to be found in the institutional archive
Turkish version of the Preschool Children’s Nutrition Screening Tool (NutriSTEP®): a validity and reliability study
Get PDFAbstract: Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the Turkish validity and reliability of the Preschool Children’s Nutrition Screening Tool (NutriSTEP®), which is used to determine the nutritional status of children in the preschool period. Subject/Methods: The sample of the study consists of 333 parents with children aged 3–5 years old living in Turkey, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study and answered the Turkish NutriSTEP® form online. The forward and backward translation method was applied for the language validity of the Turkish form. Expert opinion was sought for content validity. Factor analyzes were applied to determine the construct validity of the Turkish form. Original NutriSTEP® and Iran NutriSTEP® were evaluated to assess cut-points. To evaluate the reliability of the Turkish version, the test–retest method was used. Results: As a result of expert opinion, the Content Validity Index was found to be 0.97. According to exploratory factor analysis, unlike the original NutriSTEP®, five sub-dimensions were obtained and the 13th question with a factor load of less than 0.30 was removed. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, it was shown that the scale was suitable for Turkish society. There were positive, high and statistically significant correlations between the NutriSTEP® scale test–retest scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The Turkish NutriSTEP® questionnaire is both valid and reliable for the screening of nutrition risk in preschool children of the Turkish population. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited
Structure-reactivity relationships of novel α-hydroxyketone-functionalized cyclopolymerizable and cyclopolymeric photoinitiators
No full text<p>Three novel monomeric photoinitiators (I2959-NTBDA, I2959-NDAA and I2959-NAA) with 1,6-heptadiene structure and based on 2-hydroxy-4 '-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (I2959) and the photoinitiating cyclocopolymer of the first (M-n = 28000 D has six-membered rings in the backbone) are synthesized and characterized by NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis spectrometry and thermogravimetry. I2959-NTBDA is synthesized from reaction of tert-butyl alpha-bromomethacrylate with amine functionalized I2959; cleavage of tert-butyl groups gives I2959-NDAA. Synthesis of I2959-NAA involves reaction of allylamine derivative of I2959 and acryloyl chloride. These photoinitiators have lambda(max) (269-280 nm) and epsilon values (13700-17300 M-1 cm(-1)) similar to I2959. The chemical mechanism investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) and steady state photolysis confirms generation of isopropyl ketyl radicals. Structure-reactivity relationships of the monomeric photoinitiators studied during polymerizations of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, M-n = 575 D) and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) show the order of reactivity I2959-NDAA > I2959-NTBDA > I2959-NAA, indicating that both electronic and steric effects of PI structures are effective. The migration stability of the residual I2959-NTBDA in the cured film is much higher than that of I2959 due to incorporation into the network structure, indicating their potential for producing environmentally friendly materials.</p>
Regional disparities in turkey: A socio-economic perspective
No full textEconomic development, for any country, is one of the most important objectives to be achieved. However, development cannot be realized in all regions and provinces of a county at the same time and speed. Turkey also struggles against a persistent economic development problem among regions in east-west and coast-inland for many years. This study aims to analyze the regional inequalities in Turkey under the scope of economic, demographic and social indicators from 2007 to the latest data. The results indicate that TR-10 Istanbul is the engine region of Turkey in terms of industrialization and development with the highest contribution (31%) based on service and industry sectors, to the gross value added. Other industrialized regions are the Aegean region where localization economies mainly dominated and the East Marmara and TR51-Ankara regions where urbanization economies operated in. Agricultural activities heavily concentrated in Aegean, Antalya, Konya and Şanlıurfa regions. In these regions, participation in the labour market is also very high. However, the highest income inequality and poverty is also found in TR10, TR62 and TR21 regions. The less developed region is the Southeast Anatolian region in terms of low income, education, health and high unemployment, young population and immigration rates. © 2020 The Author. Journal Compilation
Quest and journey in Orhan Pamuk's novels
No full textArayış ve yolculuk, ilk anlatılardan günümüze kadar edebiyattaki yerini koruyan, kişinin olgunlaşma, büyüme, oluşum, dönüşüm gibi süreçlerini anlatmak için başvurulan temel temaların başında gelmektedir. Arayış ve yolculuk temaları vesilesiyle kişinin iç dünyasındaki iniş ve çıkışların bu denli aktarılabilmesi, kuşkusuz romanlar için bu temaları vazgeçilmez yapan nedenlerdendir. Romanlarında, kişilerinin içsel derinliklerini ve gelişim süreçlerini her yönüyle okuyucuya sunmayı amaçlayan Orhan Pamuk’un romancılığı için ise arayış ve yolculuk, en elverişli temalardan biri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Orhan Pamuk’un romanlarında arayış ve yolculuk temasının nasıl yansıma bulduğu incelenmiştir. Yazarın romanlarında arayışın ve yolculuğun roman kişileri için hangi sebeplerle ortaya çıktığı, romanlarda hangi şekillerde görüldüğü ve roman kişileri için nasıl sonuçlar doğurduğu göz önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada aynı zamanda, arayışın ve yolculuğun birbiriyle ilişkili iki tema oluşunun, Orhan Pamuk’un romanlarında da aynı şekilde tezahür edip etmediği tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Üç ana bölümden oluşan çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, arayış ve yolculuk kavramları açıklanmaya çalışılmış olup kavramların geçmişten günümüze olan uzantısı ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, arayışın ve yolculuğun Orhan Pamuk’un edebi kişiliğindeki algısı incelenmiş ve bu anlayıştan hareketle ise üçüncü bölümde, arayış ve yolculuk temasının yazarın romanlarındaki karşılığı ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.Search and journey are among the main themes used to describe the processes such as the maturation, growth, formation and transformation of the hero, which has preserved its place in literature from the first narratives to the present day. The fact that the ups and downs of the hero's inner world can be conveyed so much on the occasion of the quest and journey themes is undoubtedly one of the reasons that make these themes indispensable for the novels. For Orhan Pamuk, who aims to present the inner depths and development processes of his heroes to the reader in all aspects in his novels, quest and journey have been one of the most favorable themes.
In this study, it has been examined how the theme of seeking and journey is reflected in Orhan Pamuk's novels. In the novels of the author, it has been tried to reveal the reasons for the search and the journey for the characters of the novel, in what ways it is seen in the novels and what results it has for the characters of the novel. In this study, it has also been tried to determine whether the two interrelated themes of search and journey are manifested in the same way in Orhan Pamuk's novels.
In the first part of the study, which consists of three main parts, the concepts of seeking and journey are tried to be explained and the extension of the concepts from the past to the present is discussed. In the second part of the study, the perception of search and journey in Orhan Pamuk's literary personality was examined, and based on this understanding, in the third part, the correspondence of the search and journey theme in the author's novels was tried to be revealed
The effect of implicit learning on functional connectivity in schizophrenia
No full textIntroduction Neuronal plasticity, or the ability to change and adapt in response to experiences, learning, or environment, is frequently disrupted in schizophrenia and contributes to disease-associated cognitive deficits and functional impairments.Methods In this study, we investigated the neuroplasticity alterations of schizophrenia patients in the cortico-striato-cerebellar circuits associated with implicit learning using a reward-enhanced Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Forty-two schizophrenia patients and 25 healthy controls underwent pre- and post-task rs-fMRI to evaluate changes in functional connectivity.Results Behavioral results indicated that all participants demonstrated shorter reaction times during sequential blocks, schizophrenia patients exhibited lower accuracy suggesting diminished implicit learning. Schizophrenia patients exhibited increased connectivity across cortico-striatocerebellar circuits, which became even more robust and widespread following task completion. Despite impaired performance, this post-task hyperconnectivity may reflect a compensatory mechanism attempting to recruit additional neural resources-albeit in a dysfunctional or inefficient manner. Data-driven analyses confirmed the post-task differences between groups, identifying task-induced connectivity changes in thalamo-cortico-cerebellar circuits as the strongest predictors of a group membership.Discussion These findings underscore the role of neuroplasticity impairments in schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits, highlighting potential neural markers for clinical differentiation and paving the way for targeted interventions.Bilimsel Arastimath;rma [TGA-2021-22567]The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by Bilimsel Ara & scedil;t & imath;rma Proje/No: TGA-2021-22567, which provided financial support for the submission and publication of this manuscript. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Bilimsel Ara & scedil;t & imath;rma Proje
