1,720,953 research outputs found
Family study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan:cumulative incidence and risk factors
No full text華人是鼻咽癌的好發族群，在過去鼻咽癌流行病學研究中，認為鼻咽癌是由遺傳因素和共同環境暴露所致。本研究計劃以民國83年至88年台灣地區之六家醫院，病理診斷確定為鼻咽癌病例，加上癌症登記檔病理診斷確定之鼻咽癌病例，以結構性問卷利用郵寄或電話訪問的方式獲得其家族資料，總共收集928筆鼻咽癌家族資料。本家族分析研究分為三個部分，第一部份為家族病例對照研究，1011名家族中有罹患鼻咽癌者為病例組，8434名未罹患任何癌症的親屬為對照組，探討環境危險因子與鼻咽癌的相關性研究；在調整年齡、性別後，非條件式或條件式對數複迴歸模式（unconditional or conditional logistic regression）分析，無論是在10歲以前或10-30歲攝食鹹魚及醃製食物、抽菸的相對危險性為1-2倍，幼時的環境暴露危險性更大。第二部分為計算其各級親屬的鼻咽癌累積發生率，並以Cox迴歸模式分析不同親屬的相對危險性，結果為指標個案的父親、母親、兄弟、姊妹、兒子、及女兒在65歲的累積發生危險性分別為每千人12.9、7.4、33.7、22.6、12.3、6.0，在Cox迴歸模式中其親屬為兄弟姊妹者的相對危險性比無血緣關係屬高。第三部分為利用多因子遺傳模式計算各級身屬的鼻咽癌遺傳率，若族群頻率為萬分之五，以親屬鼻咽癌罹病計算其各級親屬的遺傳率，則父親、母親、兄弟、姊妹、兒子、女兒所估計出來的遺傳率加權平均值為55%，若以親屬的65歲累積發生機率計算，加權平均值為73%。Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most populations of the world, but it occurs predominantly in the Chinese people of Southern China and South East Asia. The etiology of NPC appears to be multifactorial, and evidence suggests the genetic, viral, and other environmental factors are involved. We recruited NPC patients from six hospitals in Taiwan and Taiwan Cancer Registry between 1994 and 1999. The criteria for inclusion as a proband are pathological diagnosed NPC. The data was obtained from personal interview using structured questionnaire conducted by trained interviewers, a total of 928 NPC families were interviewed. In the family case- control study, 1101 NPC cases and 8834 health controls were recruited. Unconditional and conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the magnitude of the association between the environmental factors and NPC with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).After adjustment for age and sex, an odds ratio of two fold was observed for consuming salted fish and fermented foods, and cigarette smoking , the earlier the exposure, the higher the risk. Cumulative incidence of NPC was calculated for first-degree relatives, and hazard ratio of developing NPC was assessed by Cox regression models. The cumulative incidence of NPC was 12.9、7.4、33.7、22.6、12.3、6.0 per 1,000, respective, for fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, sons and daughters. The hazard ratio of sibling was higher then parents in the Cox regression models. The multifactoial inheritance model was used to calculate the heritability, the heritability index based on NPC prevalence was 0.55; the heritability index based on NPC cumulative incidence was 0.73.中文摘要 1
英文摘要 2
第一章 前言 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 鼻咽癌的病理組織型態 6
第二節 鼻咽癌的流行病學特徵 7
第三節 鼻咽癌的危險因子 10
第三章 研究個案與方法 22
第一節 研究個案 22
第二節 統計方法 24
第四章 結果 30
第一節 鼻咽癌指標病例及其親屬特性 30
第二節 鼻咽癌病例對照研究 37
第三節 鼻咽癌的發生危險性 41
第四節 Cox迴歸模式分析結果 43
第五節 鼻咽癌多因子遺傳率 45
第五章 討論 48
第一節 鼻咽癌病例對照研究 48
第二節 鼻咽癌家族聚集情況 49
第三節 研究限制 52
第四節 未來研究方向 53
參考文獻 54
附錄一 鼻咽癌家族遺傳問卷 60
附錄二 發生率（q)從0.01%至30.0%之x值與a值 7
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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