1,720,969 research outputs found
Withdrawing Treatment from Incompetent Patients in Italy: The Case of Eluana Englaro
No full text10.1353/asb.2014.0029Asian Bioethics Review64402-40
The EU Regulatory Competition in Asylum Law
No full textThis paper deals with the principle of subsidiarity in asylum law. It exposes some of the most important ‘push’ factors that have been considered by the European Union (EU) as arguments for the centralisation of asylum law. Through the application of an economic approach, this text examines the need for harmonization of asylum standards to reach the goal established in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. An economic methodology is used to investigate the application of the subsidiarity principle by considering some of the most important economic criteria for both centralisation and decentralisation, and by applying the findings to the asylum law. Specifically, this paper considers the Tiebout model, the problem of the ‘race to the bottom’, the reduction of transaction costs, and the importance of the protection of refugee human rights. These theories are commonly used in the cases of a specific issue with a transboundary nature, which produces [negative] international externalities. In addition, they reflect the significance of equal conditions within the EU Member States as well as the role of the EU as a sui generis organisation protecting human rights. It should be noted that this paper does not deal with the basic normative question of whether or not refugees deserve protection, but it aims to expose the advantages and disadvantages of an EU asylum policy. In its conclusion, the paper discusses the advantages of a centralised EU policy that also allows, within certain conditions, some type of competition between the Member States
The Transformation of Right to Property in the Post-Communist Period in Albania. The Impact of the Italian Civil Code in the Way of Acquisition of Ownership in the Albanian Civil Code of 1994
Full text linkIn the 1990s, Albania faced the tranformation of communist property into private property. The paper studies the political-ideological elements for transformation of communist property. In addition, this scientific contribution aims to show the impact of the Italian civil code by examining in particular the part related to acquisition of ownership. The authors choose this part since the ways of acquisition of property demonstrate the intervention of the State in private property. Furhermore, the acquisition of ownership is also codified in the Albanian Constitution of 1998 by considering it as a constitutional norm. In the conclusions, this contribution shows different legal reasons for the Italian impact on the Albanian civil code of 1994.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The importance of legal proxy in end-of-life decisions in some western european countries
No full textThis paper shows the codification of the role of surrogate in end-of-life decisions. After providing a general overview of patient autonomy by applying an ethical approach and by examining the two main types of patient authonomy - individualist view of autonomy and relational autonomy - the authors focus on "surrogate will". In addition, this contribution examines examples of nomination of legal proxies established in national laws governing end-of-life decision making in Roman-speaking countries (Italy, France, Portugal and Spain), the English-speaking countries (Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), and German-speaking countries (Austria, germany and switzerland). The paper also studies the recent national laws; in particular, the Italian law n. 219 of December 2017 and the different modifications of the France Code de la Santé Publique of March 2015 and of February 2016. The contribution demonstrate that some national parliaments have already noticed the practical problems coming from the application of "living will" by highlighting the role of legal proxies as it is emphasized by the ethical community
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A New Law of Advance Directives in Italy: A Critical Legal Analysis
No full textThe article analyses the new legislation regulating advance directives in Italy (Law No 219 of December 2017) and studies and critically examines the two types of advance directives through an italian legal perspective: living wills and nominations of surrogate. It also applies a legal comparison approach
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