1,721,059 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Assesment practices for stimulating learning in kindergarten education
No full textpeer reviewedWhile there is a consensus on the importance of kindergarten education for later learning, scientific literature highlights a duality between a developmental perspective, essentially focused on the child and the overall development, and an academic perspective, more oriented towards mastering specific academic content and preparing for elementary school (Bernier et al., 2017; Dumais & Marinova, 2020). The academic perspective is justified by the desire to combat inequalities (Little & Cohen-Vögel, 2016), by ensuring that by the end of kindergarten education, all pupils have mastered the disciplinary prerequisites needed to tackle primary school. Advocates of the developmental perspective, however, seem to fear that setting precise standards will lead to a formal approach to teaching that is detrimental to children's development. While these two perspectives may seem antagonistic, DeLuca et al. (2020) believe that they can be combined in kindergarten classes: it's a question of striking the right balance between respect for the child's development and the desire to bring all pupils to master expectations in content areas. Do teachers clearly perceive this balance and, if so, how will they reconcile these two visions? This is the question addressed in this paper. Focusing on the assessment practices of teachers in the last year of kindergarten, it aims to explore their conceptions, as well as the problems posed by assessment in kindergarten. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 teachers. These were supplemented by photographs assessment tools and observation of assessment practice. These data were analysed through a qualitative approach. The results raised two major questions. The first concerns teachers' attitudes to the heterogeneity of students in the classroom: teachers were much more likely to talk about their attitude towards students in difficulty, compared with advanced students. Managing heterogeneity even means sometimes focusing exclusively on struggling students. Behind this desire to mobilize resources on the students who need them most, isn't there a risk of encouraging the stigmatization of difficulties that are only emerging or entirely transitory? Aren’t certain postures towards pupils in difficulty likely to lead to an impoverishment of the learning opportunities offered to these pupils? The second question arises from what some teachers have to say about the attitudes of certain children. Some seem to attribute these attitudes to characteristics internal to the child (for example, the fact of systematically choosing a play workshop, when offered the choice, is sometimes interpreted as a supposedly stable characteristic of the child's character, such as laziness). Such a error of judgement made, this could also amplify the problem by looking, through other observations, for clues that reinforce teacher’s feeling. More broadly speaking, given that the evaluation of developmental objectives is often based on free observations, we feel it is important to examine the issue of evaluative judgment in greater depth, to ensure that the findings can lead to actions to support students' progress in this domain
Le sens de la lettre dans les premiers apprentissages algébriques - Les conceptions de la lettre d'élèves de 12 à 15 ans
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Fish-oil esters of plant sterols improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects more than do fish-oil or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols
No full textFish-oil esters of plant sterols improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects more than do fish-oil or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols1,2,3
Isabelle Demonty, Yen-Ming Chan, Dori Pelled and Peter JH Jones
1 From the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada (ID, Y-MC, and PJ), and Enzymotec Ltd, Migdal HaEmeq, Israel (DP)
Background: Fish-oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols (FO-PS) were shown to have hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in animal models.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of FO-PS supplementation in healthy hypercholesterolemic persons fed an olive oil (OO)\u96based diet.
Design: Twenty-one moderately overweight, hyperlipidemic subjects participated in a semi-randomized, single-blind, 4-period crossover study including 4 experimental isoenergetic diets of 4 wk each and 4-wk intervening washout periods. Diets contained 30% of energy as fat, of which 70% was from extra-virgin OO, and differed only in the supplement oil: OO, fish oil, FO-PS, or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols (SU-PS). Both fish oil and FO-PS provided 5.4 g total eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids/d. FO-PS, SU-PS, and OO provided the equivalent of 1.7, 1.7, and 0.02 g free plant sterols/d, respectively.
Results: Fish oil and FO-PS resulted in fasting and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations that were markedly lower than those observed with OO and SU-PS (P =3D 0.0001), but to a different extent. LDL cholesterol was significantly lower after supplementation with FO-PS and SU-PS than at the end of the control OO diet (P =3D 0.0031 and 0.0407, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not affected. FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in a lower ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and lower apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations than did OO and fish oil. The ratio of apoB to apoA was significantly lower after SU-PS consumption than after consumption of OO (P =3D 0.0126) and fish oil (P =3D 0.0292). FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in similar ratios of apoB to apoA. HDL2 and the ratio of HDL2 to HDL3 were significantly higher at the end of the FO-PS treatment than at the end of the OO (P =3D 0.0006), fish oil (P =3D 0.0036), and SU-PS (P =3D 0.0016) treatments.
Conclusion: Supplementation of an OO-based diet with FO-PS may reduce cardiovascular disease risk more than does supplementation with fish oil or SU-PS.
Key Words: Apolipoproteins \u95 cardiovascular risk factors \u95 fish oil \u95 LDL cholesterol \u95 HDL cholesterol \u95 n\u963 polyunsaturated fatty acids \u95 olive oil \u95 plant sterols \u95 plasma lipids \u95 triacylglycerol
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