1,721,189 research outputs found
The global burden of chronic and hidden hunger revisited: New panel data evidence spanning 1990–2017
No full textGödecke, Stein and Qaim (2018) (GSQ) recently analysed the 1990-2010 trend and determinants of the global burden of chronic and hidden hunger. We reanalyse and extend GSQ's study and demonstrate that after 2010, significant reductions in the burden of hunger were achieved. In contrast with GSQ, we find that (i) hidden hunger is more prevalent than chronic hunger; (ii) cereal availability and the supply of vegetables and fruits matter; and (iii) gender equality only affects hidden hunger. We further provide evidence on the importance of spatial spillovers in GDP affecting the burden of hunger. Policy makers should therefore prioritize (i) enhancement of micronutrient density of cereals; (ii) diversification of production systems and consumer diets; and (iii) development of nutrition-sensitive food value chains.Financing from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA [Grant no. OPP1194925] and the CGIAR Research Program on Rice is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Theda Godecke ¨ and Alexander J. Stein for their helpful insights. Finally, we would like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that greatly improved this article. The authors attest originality of the results and assume full responsibility for any remaining shortcomings
Global survey data on rice breeders’ characteristics and willingness to adopt alternative breeding methods
No full textThe data presented in this article contains information on 189 rice breeders from 51 rice-growing countries around the world. Firstly, this unique dataset permits to lay down a baseline of currently used breeding methods. Secondly, the data allow to make an assessment of the adoption behavior of rice breeders towards alternative breeding methods, and in specific rapid generation advance. A global online survey in Google Forms was conducted to obtain information about the different aspects of the adoption process. Both the raw and cleaned data are made available, along with Stata code to promote further research into adoption of breeding methods by public and private breeding institutes.</p
Triple burden nutrition challenges in rice-based systems: Present and future opportunities
No full textEconomische impact van agrobiotechnologie in de Europese Unie: transgene suikerbieten en maïs
Full text linkHet doel van dit doctoraatsproefschrift is een bijdrage te leveren aan d e literatuur rond de impact van transgene gewassen en de rendabiliteit v an landbouwkundig onderzoek en het beleidsdebat rond transgene gewassen in de Europese Unie (EU) te ondersteunen en te informeren. In het eerste hoofdstuk ontwikkelen we een stochastisch partieel evenwic htsmodel om de grootte en de verdeling van de baten van transgene herbic idenresistente (HT) suikerbieten te schatten in de EU-15 en de rest van de wereld (RVW). Het model is dynamisch en simuleert het gedrag van de w ereldprijs op huidige en historische Europese suikerexporten. De totale welvaartstoename voor de wereldeconomie wordt geschat op 1.1 miljard na vijf jaar. Het model berekent dat de RVW het grootste aandeel van deze baten absorbeert (50%), gevolgd door de Europese suikerindustrie (26%) e n de zaadsector (24%). Daar interventieprijzen op Europees niveau vastge legd worden, is er geen welvaartstoename voor Europese consumenten. Door dalende wereldprijzen winnen consumenten en verliezen suikerriettelers in de RVW. Via overdracht van technologie gaat een deel van de welvaart naar suikerbietentelers in de RVW. Onze resultaten leggen een schijnbare tegenstelling bloot. Wanneer moderne (bio)technologieën geïntroduceerd worden onder een archaïsch handelsbeleid, wordt de natuurlijke welvaarts stroom van producent tot consument belemmerd en accumuleert de gecreëerd e welvaart bij de leveranciers, landbouwers en verwerkende industrie. Op vallend is dat buitenlandse consumenten winnen, terwijl binnenlandse bur gers hoge suikerprijzen blijven betalen. De nieuwe Europese marktordenin g voor suiker zal resulteren in lichtelijk lagere baten voor innovatie, echter zonder onze resultaten kwalitatief te veranderen. In het tweede hoofdstuk stellen we ons in de plaats van een Europese bes lissingsmaker die de beslissing moet nemen om al dan niet HT suikerbiete n toe te laten in het jaar 1995. Deze beslissing is onderhevig aan flexi biliteit, onzekerheid en onomkeerbaarheid. Terwijl de meeste literatuur rond de economische impact van transgene gewassen gericht is op het scha tten van directe omkeerbare baten en kosten, zoals in het eerste hoofdst uk, proberen we in het tweede hoofdstuk sociale onomkeerbare baten en ko sten samen te brengen in een evaluatie van het Europees de facto morator ium op transgene gewassen. We beschouwen de EU-15 in 1995 en gaan na of de goedkeuring van HT suikerbieten in de EU al dan niet uitgesteld zou m oeten worden. Volgens de neoklassieke beslissingstheorie zouden HT suike rbieten toegelaten mogen worden als de verwachte sociale omkeerbare bate n minstens even groot zijn als de sociale onomkeerbare kosten. In dit ge val betekent dit dat de toelatingsdrempel gelijk aan één is. Het ui tdrukkelijk in rekening brengen van onzekerheid en de mogelijkheid om ee n beslissing uit te stellen, leidt tot een veel grotere toelatingsdrempe l dan in de standaard neoklassieke theorie. De real option theorie laa t ons toe deze drempel te schatten. De nieuwe beslissingsregel bestaat e r in HT suikerbieten toe te laten als de omkeerbare baten groter zijn da n de onomkeerbare kosten, vermenigvuldigd met een factor groter dan één. Daar er veel onzekerheid is over de onomkeerbare milieukosten, tra chten we ze niet direct te kwantificeren, maar schatten we de break-eve n kosten, namelijk de maximaal toelaatbare sociale onomkeerbare kosten. Voor afzonderlijke lidstaten variëren de break-even kosten tussen 46 e n 158 per hectare, zijnde 27 tot 81% van de jaarlijkse sociale omkeerba re baten. Regios met een comparatief voordeel in de productie van suike rbieten (Centraal-Europa) hebben lage toelatingsdrempels en leggen zwakk ere beperkingen op de break-even kosten dan regios zonder comparatief v oordeel (Zuid- en Noord-Europa). Voor de EU-15 zijn de maximaal toelaatb are sociale onomkeerbare kosten 94 per hectare transgene suikerbieten, goed voor 77 miljoen per jaar. Deze zijn ongeveer 60 keer groter dan de sociale onomkeerbare baten. Daar beide indicatoren gelijkaardige milieu effecten bevatten, zoals impact op milieu, biodiversiteit en klimaat, is het onwaarschijnlijk dat de echte ongekende sociale onomkeerbare kosten zo hoog zouden oplopen. In het derde hoofdstuk ontwikkelen we een model om de impact van Bt maïs in de Europese landbouw te schatten. Spanje levert 11% van de maïs in d e EU-15. Twee types van maïsboorders veroorzaken ernstige schade in deze sector. Dit opent perspectieven voor transgene Bt maïs, die een efficië ntere bestrijding van deze insecten toelaat. We modelleren onzekerheid v ia stochastische simulaties. Gedurende de periode 1998-2003 schatten we een totale welvaartstoename van 16 miljoen dankzij de adoptie van Bt ma ïs, waarvan Spaanse landbouwers twee derden (67%) absorberen en de zaadi ndustrie één derde (33%). Rendabiliteitschattingen van landbouwkundig onderzoek hangen sterk af va n de geschatte aanbodsverschuiving. In het vierde hoofdstuk vergelijken we algebraïsch vijf verschillende manieren om deze verschuiving te model leren, vaak gebruikt in de literatuur rond de impact van transgene gewas sen. We rekenen de modellen na met de stochastische resultaten uit het d erde hoofdstuk. Via Monte Carlo simulaties worden distributies gegeneree rd voor het producentensurplus en de aanbodsrespons die geschat wordt do or de modellen. Via een variantieanalyse worden het gemiddelde en de var iantie, als maat voor de robuustheid, van de modellen vergeleken. Deze r esultaten laten ons toe aanbevelingen te formuleren voor rendabiliteitsc hattingen van landbouwkundig onderzoek. In het vijfde hoofdstuk onderzoeken we de invloed van recente Europese b eleidsveranderingen op onze resultaten en brengen we richtingen aan voor toekomstig onderzoek. In het zesde hoofdstuk gaan we kritisch de releva ntie na van onze resultaten en assumpties en formuleren we onderzoek- en beleidsaanbevelingen.status: Publishe
How Does Cultural and Colonial Heritage Affect Optimal Branding Strategies? Evidence From the Rice Sector in Senegal
No full textThis article was originally published in Agribusiness. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21983
© 2024 The Author(s). Agribusiness published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.Africa's cultural and colonial heritage has profoundly segmented rice markets. Whereas in ancient centers of rice domestication, consumers maintained preferences for local rice consistent with their cultural heritage, preferences have shifted toward imported Asian rice in coastal areas around seaports, due to prior exposure to colonial import substitution policies. To enhance the competitiveness of locally produced rice relative to imported versions, it is necessary to tailor new local rice products to both market segments. A study was conducted in Senegal to test branding strategies for local rice in a country where both market segments coexist. Brands that mimic local and international labels were developed for local rice, and urban consumers bid to upgrade non-preferred to preferred brands through the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) mechanism. Contrary to expectations, results from an endogenous switching regression show that descendants from ancient Senegalese rice domesticators placed premiums on local rice with foreign-looking brands, indicating that foreignness is perceived as a quality cue even in market segments rooted in cultural heritage. Thus, branding local rice using a combination of local and foreign cues could be an effective strategy in promoting domestic rice to both segments shaped by cultural and colonial heritage.The authors are grateful to Maïmouna Ndour (Sociologist, Africa Rice Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal) and Caitlin Costello (Visiting Research Fellow/Fulbright Research Grantee, Africa Rice Center, Saint-Louis, Senegal) for their excellent research support. This research was funded by the European Union, the CGIAR Initiative on Market Intelligence, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA [Grant no. OPP1194925]
Staging an Experience of Cultural Heritage Preservation: Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Heirloom Rice in the Philippines
No full textThis article was originally published in Agribusiness. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.22019.
Agribusiness© 2025 The Author(s). Agribusiness published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.The Cordillera Administrative Region in the Philippines is home to terraced rice embedded in centuries of cultural heritage. However, weak market incentives threaten sustained production, jeopardizing indigenous communities' cultural heritage and the in situ biodiversity of rice genetic resources. Demand-side policy interventions have been proposed to address these challenges. Drawing on the experience economy, we staged an experience with urban consumers, offering them the opportunity to participate in cultural heritage preservation through purchasing heirloom rice. Participants first self-selected into white or brown rice market segments as a benchmark. Subsequently, each market segment was invited to (i) identify their preference between their benchmark and heirloom rice, and (ii) bid to upgrade their non-preferred to their preferred rice through a Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism. The sample was randomly split between a control group and two “experience treatment” groups exposed to gain- or loss-framed narratives about rice terrace preservation. Results reveal that a subset of consumers in each market segment switched to heirloom rice. White rice consumers were more reluctant to transition to heirloom rice, although they responded positively to the gain-framed narrative, paying the highest price premiums for heirloom rice (PhP 92.55 or US $2.03 per kilogram). Brown rice consumers were more willing to switch but willing to pay lower premiums for heirloom rice, altogether suggesting the need for a segmented marketing strategy. Highlighting nutritional benefits and quality is crucial, but positioning heirloom rice within a gastronomic system that showcases its use in specific dishes and occasions is equally important for enhancing consumer appeal.We would like to thank all funders who supported this research through their contributions to the CGIAR Trust Fund: http://www.cgiar.org/funders/. Financing from the Philippines Department of Agriculture through the Heirloom Rice Project (Raising Productivity and Enriching the Legacy of Heirloom/Traditional Rice through Empowering Communities in Unfavorable Rice-Based Ecosystem), the CGIAR Research Program on Rice, the CGIAR Initiative on Market Intelligence, and the CGIAR Science Program on Better Diets and Nutrition are gratefully acknowledged
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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