1,720,957 research outputs found
La production de mots en situation de double tâche chez des adultes neurotypiques et des personnes souffrant d'aphasie
No full textDifférentes études ont montré que la production de mots n'était pas totalement automatique et que certaines étapes d'encodage pouvaient être affectées en situation de double tâche, car elles nécessitaient de l'attention. La plupart des études (Ferreira & Pashler, 2002 ; Roelofs & Piai, 2011), ont trouvé des effets d'interférence sur les étapes pré-lexicales et lexicales de la planification d'énoncés (la conceptualisation et la sélection lexicale). D'autres études plus récentes (Cook & Meyer, 2008 ; Fargier & Laganaro, 2016 ; Fargier & Laganaro, 2019 et Laganaro, Bonnans & Fargier, 2019) conduites chez des participants neurotypiques et aphasiques ont montré un rôle de l'attention dans les processus post-lexicaux. Ces études ont principalement utilisé une tâche de dénomination d'images avec une seconde tâche contenant des stimuli auditifs verbaux (syllabes). Ainsi, les effets observés peuvent découler d'un recrutement de ressources concomitantes entre les deux tâches (parler et écouter des syllabes). Le but de notre recherche était donc de savoir si les effets d'interférence étaient dus aux ressources attentionnelles ou bien aux ressources concomitantes. Dans notre étude, nous avons étudié si l'interférence de la double tâche sur la planification en production de mots est aussi présente quand les participants sont engagés dans une seconde tâche comportant des stimuli auditifs non verbaux (sons de l'environnement). Nous avons utilisé le paradigme de double tâche avec une première tâche de dénomination d'images et une seconde tâche de détection des sons de l'environnement que nous avons fait passer aux participants neurotypiques et aphasiques, en choisissant un SOA+150 ms et un SOA+300 ms. Nous avons comparé leurs performances (latence de production et précision) sur les deux tâches, en tâche simple et en double tâche. Concernant les résultats, nous avons trouvé que les participants neurotypiques sont plus lents pour dénommer un mot en double tâche plutôt qu'en simple. En revanche, ils ne font pas plus d'erreurs. Ils sont également plus lents pour détecter la cible auditive en double tâche. Du côté des participants aphasiques, un des deux participants était plus lent pour dénommer un mot en double tâche plutôt qu'en simple. De plus, aucun des deux n'a fait plus d'erreurs en dénomination lors de la double tâche. Les résultats obtenus semblent indiquer que les étapes lexicales et phonologiques nécessitent de l'attention malgré certaines limites que comporte notre étude.</p
Le bilinguisme favorise-t-il l'apprentissage de la grammaire d'une nouvelle langue ?
No full textLe bilinguisme est un phénomène fréquemment étudié chez les enfants et les adultes depuis une quinzaine d'années. De nombreuses études montrent un avantage des bilingues dans le domaine cognitif, notamment des fonctions exécutives (Kroll & Bialystok, 2013), ainsi qu'au niveau phonologique et lexical (Bialystok, 2001). Toutefois, aucune étude ne s'est intéressée à un avantage potentiel au niveau de l'acquisition de la syntaxe dans l'apprentissage d'une nouvelle langue. Notre recherche vise donc à déterminer si le bilinguisme favorise l'apprentissage de la grammaire d'une nouvelle langue et à déterminer si cet avantage est général, ou s'il est spécifique aux compétences langagières..
Interference on word production under dual-task conditions in neurotypical speakers and in patients with aphasia
No full textThe dual-task paradigm has been widely used to investigate attentional interference in word production, revealing different patterns of errors produced by patients with aphasia (PWA). These findings have led to the proposal of various hypotheses regarding the origins of attentional interference. This thesis aims to investigate how different parameters affect interference in word production and how they contribute to a better understanding of the origin of attentional interference under dual-task conditions.
A series of dual-task paradigms was used, incorporating variations in parameters such as delay between the tasks, attentional demands, and the type of concurrent auditory stimuli. These experiments were conducted with neurotypical individuals and PWA, demonstrating an impact on different word planning processes. An effect on phonological errors was observed in both populations depending on the type of concurrent auditory stimuli, suggesting that phonological processes require more attention than previously assumed in the literature.
The findings indicate that interference in word production during dual-task situations arises from a combination of two attentional sources proposed in the literature: domain specific and domain general source of interference.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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