1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura : specificities - study of ADAMTS13 protease in atypical contexts and study of a preemptive treatment administered by the subcutaneous route against relapses of acquired forms
No full textLe purpura thrombotique thrombocytopénique (PTT) est une microangiopathie thrombotique (MAT) rare associée à un déficit fonctionnel sévère en ADAMTS13 (a-disintegrin- like-metalloprotease-with-a-thrombospondin-type-1-motif-member 13), qui conduit à l’accumulation de facteur Willebrand (VWF) hautement mutimérisé et à la formation de thrombi au sein de la microcirculation. Le déficit en activité d’ADAMTS13 est acquis dans 95 % des cas, dont 75 % présentent des anticorps anti-ADAMTS13, ou congénital pour 5 % des patients. Sur le plan biologique, s’associent une anémie hémolytique mécanique et une thrombopénie de consommation. La symptomatologie clinique est polymorphe, et regroupe des signes neurologiques, digestifs, cardiologiques et néphrologiques, qui rendent le diagnostic de PTT difficile. Dans 50 % des cas de PTT, un contexte clinique particulier est associé. Le traitement de la phase aiguë repose sur l’association des échanges plasmatiques associés aux immunosuppresseurs et aux traitements anti-VWF. En rémission, l’enjeu thérapeutique est la prévention des rechutes cliniques. Ce travail de thèse constitue une approche essentiellement clinique et avait pour objectif de caractériser quelques aspects du diagnostic du PTT, ainsi que du traitement préemptif de ses rechutes. Dans la première partie, l’étde de 80 patients a permis d’établir une prévalence de 5,9 % des signes neurologiques focaux au cours d’un épisode aigu de PTT. Le caractère isolé de la symptomatologie neurologique chez 52,5 % des patients et les niveaux de créatininémie et de LDH significativement inférieurs sont en faveur d’une ischémie d’organe limitée. Malgré l’existence de nombreux arguments, nous avons montré que la présence de signes neurologique focaux n’était pas associée aux taux de VWF. Dans la seconde partie, mon travail a permis de caractériser 104 patients atteints de PTT et 438 patients atteints d’une MAT non-PTT tous dans un contexte néoplasique. Les patients avec cancer atteints de PTT sont plus âgés et en majorité de sexe masculin (54%). Les anticorps anti-ADAMTS13 ne sont retrouvés que dans 36% des cas (73% dans la population générale de PTT) et suggèrent l’existence d’autres mécanismes physiopathologiques de diminution de l’activité d’ADAMTS13. Les scores cliniques actuellement utilisés ne sont pas adaptés aux patients avec un cancer présentant une MAT. La troisième partie constitue une étude exploratoire de l’axe VWF/ADAMTS13 dans une pathologie récente, la Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Sur 133 patients consécutifs, aucun n’a présenté de MAT. Nos résultats montrent une association entre l’activité d’ADAMTS13 et la survenue d’un décès (p<0,0001), suggérant son implication dans les processus microthrombotiques pulmonaires responsables de la sévérité de la pathologie. Le déséquilibre de l’axe VWF/ADAMTS13 était significativement associé à la survenue de thromboses veineuses. Dans la dernière partie, chez les patients ayant un PTT en rémission, le risque est celui d’une rechute clinique. Le traitement préemptif par rituximab administré par voie intra veineuse (IV) est efficace pour la prévention des rechutes cliniques de PTT, mais n’a jamais été utilisé par voie sous-cutanée (SC). Sur 12 patients en rémission clinique d’un PTT aigu, l’administration préemptive du rituximab par voie SC a montré une efficacité similaire par rapport à la voie IV avec des délais respectifs de ré- administration de 18 mois [15,3-18,8] vs. 15 [10-23] mois. Cette nouvelle voie d’administration pourrait améliorer la qualité de vie des patients et être une source de gain de temps de soins pour le système hospitalier. Ainsi, le PTT reste une pathologie complexe dont tous les physiopathologiques ne sont pas encore bien connus. Le diagnostic reste encore complexe étant donné qu’il s’agit d’une maladie rare.Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is rare a thrombotic micrangiopathy (TMA) due to a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), the specific cleavage-metalloprotease of von Willebrand factor (VWF), resulting in circulating ultralarge VWF multimers that cause platelet aggregation and systemic microvascular thrombi. TTP is acquired in 95% of cases, mainly autoantibody-mediated in 73% of cases. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia are associated to subsequent organ ischemia and polymorphic clinical features (neurologic, abdominal, cardiac and renal involvement), resulting in a challenging diagnosis. In 50% of cases, there is an associated clinical context. Acute phase TTP treatment is based on plasma exchange, immunomodulators and anti-VWF therapy. During recovery, preventing TTP relapse is crucial. The aim of this work was to characterize some diagnosis aspects and preemptive treatment in TTP. In the first part, we studied 80 patients and established a 5.9% frequency of focal neurological signs in TTP. These patients display similar demographic features than our historical TTP group. These neurological signs were isolated in 52.5% and lower LDH and serum creatinine levels are in favor of limited organ damage. Focal neurological signs were not associated to VWF levels despite previous hypothesis. In the second part, we studied 104 TTP patients and 438 non-TTP TMA patients, all with cancer. TTP in patients with cancer displayed specific features: patients were older and mainly male (54%). Anti-ADAMTS13 antibody were found in only 36% (vs 73% in non-selected TTP), suggesting other pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ADAMTS13 activity deficiency. Current diagnostic score tools are less performant for TTP diagnosis in cancer patients. The third part is an exploratory study, where we focused on the VWF/ADAMTS13 axis in patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This latter situation combines a viral infection with thrombo-inflammation associated endothelial injury, which are both triggers for TTP. Also, TMA occurrence was not known in these patients. We included 133 COVID-19 consecutive patients: none presented with TMA. Our results show a significant association between decreased ADAMTS13 activity and death (p<0.0001), suggesting its involvement in lung microthrombosis associated to COVID-19 mortality. VWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance was significantly associated to the occurrence of venous thromboembolism. In the last part, we studied the efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) rituximab preemptive therapy. This therapy is usually administered intravenously to prevent TTP relapse during recovery. SC rituximab has been approved in other hematological situations, but has not been used in TTP. We followed-up 12 TTP patients who received SC preemptive rituximab, which displayed the same efficacy then intravenous administration, with similar time to next treatment 18 months [15.3-18.8] vs. 15 [10- 23] months, respectively. This new formulation in TTP could increase patient’s quality of life and could represent a new standard of care in the prevention of immune TTP relapses. TTP remains a complex pathology, with still uncovered pathophysiological mechanisms. The diagnosis remains challenging, also due to its rarity. TTP treatment benefited from recent innovations, but the mortality remains high and TTP still includes relapses
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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