1,720,960 research outputs found
Enhanced recovery after emergency surgery in the elderly
No full textLife expectancy is still rising. It is crucial to examine the best perioperative treatment in detail in this older population in both elective and emergency settings. Despite the implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and the continuous evolving of minimally invasive approach, the literature is still scarce in the application of these two approaches, in particular, when an emergency setting is considered. Data currently available show that elderly patients beneficiate from a perioperative ERAS pathway in terms of outcomes and that a high proportion of ERAS items for elective surgery could be applicable also in emergency surgery, with favorable outcomes in terms of postoperative complications, accelerated recovery of bowel function, and shorter postoperative hospital stay, without increasing for re-admission. The combination of laparoscopy and ERAS, in the elderly in elective setting, is safe and feasible with no adverse outcome. The simultaneous application of ERAS and laparoscopy in the elderly and emergency settings gave initial promising results in terms of safety and efficacy; however, we are far from drawing robust conclusion due to the paucity and the retrospective nature of data currently available. The heterogeneity of care among different centers and the objective difficulty in obtaining an appropriate preoperative patient selection are the main obstacles. An active participation and collaboration and the creation of tailored ERAS pathway including frailty assessment, specific discharge strategy, and ethical consideration in the context of a dedicated multidisciplinary international network could represent the next step to better clarify this issue
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Paying attention to the detail
No full textAs reported by the last IFSO worldwide survey on bariatric surgery, sleeve gastrectomy became the second most performed bariatric/ metabolic procedure in the world just after gastric bypass. Sleeve gastrectomy had a wide diffusion probably due to the easy surgical technique, although it must not be considered safe from complications, which can be severe and even life-threatening. Technical tips, and standardization of the procedure are required in order to minimize complications such as gastric leaks, stenosis and bleeding. To ensure high quality standard of this surgical treatment, dissection and resection should be done using appropriate technology. The aim of this review is to present various technical aspects and tips reported in literature in order to optimize the surgical procedure in safety and effectiveness. In particular we focused our attention to trocars positioning, dissection of the greater curvature, dissection of the angle of His, bougie caliber, application of the stapler and haemostasis
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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