1,720,954 research outputs found
Identification of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS) as a direct target of the transcriptional repressor capicua in «Drosophila melanogaster»
No full textLoss of retinoblastoma protein (pRB) function is one of the most common steps in cancer pathogenesis in humans. pRB regulates E2F-family transcription factors required for expression of genes that drive cell cycle progression. Consequently, understanding and developing treatments to reduce unregulated cellular proliferation in pRB-related cancers relies largely on identifying and exploiting factors that cooperate with RB mutations. The EGFR-regulated transcriptional repressor Capicua is one such factor which cooperates with loss of the pRB homologue Retinoblastoma-Related Factor-1 (RBF1) in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss-of-function Capicua mutations in the eye imaginal disc promote ectopic proliferation and survival of Rbf1 mutant cells specifically. For this reason identifying genes directly targeted by Capicua de-repressed in the context of an Rbf1 mutant background may identify novel factors responsible for survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Despite well characterized transcriptional repression during embryogenesis and imaginal disc development, there is little evidence of directly bound Capicua target genes in Drosophila. RNA-sequencing data obtained from eye imaginal discs was used to identify possible direct targets of Capicua. These candidate genes were identified by analysis of mRNAs commonly upregulated in Capicua mutant discs, in both a wild-type and Rbf1 mutant background. Investigation of Capicua's DNA-binding activity using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, the gene Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase (PRPS) was identified as a direct target. Direct binding evidence by ChIP was achieved by the generation and Gal4 driven expression of a Capicua cDNA construct. Overexpression of Capicua also provided additional insights into the general effects this transcription factor has on cell cycle progression. Investigation of Capicua's recruitment to polytene chromosomes concluded that constitutive expression throughout development is necessary to exhibit stable DNA-binding activity. When this requirement is met salivary gland and polytene chromosome size is reduced, consistent with interruption of endocycle progression. This supports prior studies citing the role of Capicua in cellular proliferation and is consistent with direct binding and likely repression of the nucleotide biosynthetic gene PRPS. Furthermore, identification of a direct interaction with PRPS suggests this factor is implicated in the survival and proliferation of RBF1 deficient cells.La perte de la fonction de la protéine du rétinoblastome (pRB) est l'une des étapes les plus courantes dans la pathogenèse du cancer chez les humains. Le pRB régule les facteurs de transcription du E2F-famille requis pour l'expression de gènes qui stimulent la progression du cycle cellulaire. Par conséquence, la compréhension et le développement de traitements pour réduire la prolifération cellulaire non réglementée dans les cancers pRB liés dépend en grande partie sur l'identification et les facteurs qui coopèrent avec les mutations exploitation RB. Le répresseur transcriptionnel EGFR régulé Capicua est un tel facteur qui coopère avec la perte de l'homologue rétinoblastome pRB liés Factor-1 (RBF1) dans le Drosophila melanogaster. La perte de fonction mutation Capicua dans le disque imaginal des yeux favorisent la prolifération ectopique et la survie des cellules mutantes Rbf1 spécifiquement. Pour cette raison, l'identification des gènes directement ciblés par le Capicua de réprimés dans le cadre d'un fond mutant Rbf1 peut identifier de nouveaux facteurs responsables pour la survie et la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses. Malgré une excellente répression transcriptionnelle caractérisée pendant l'embryogenèse et le développement du disque imaginal, il y a peu de preuves de gènes cibles Capicua directement liés chez la Drosophile. Les données d'ARN-séquençage obtenus à partir de disques imaginaux de l'oeil ont été utilisé pour identifier les cibles directes possibles du Capicua. Ces gènes candidats ont été identifiés par l'analyse des ARNm couramment surexprimés dans les disques mutants Capicua, à la fois de type sauvage et le fond mutant Rbf1. Une enquête sur l'activité de liaison à l'ADN du Capicua utilisant l'Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine (ChIP), le gène phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthétase (PRPS) a été identifié comme une cible directe. La liaison directe par ChIP a été obtenue par la production et l'expression Gal4 d'une construction Capicua ADNc entraînée. La surexpression du Capicua a également fourni des indications supplémentaires sur les effets généraux que ce facteur de transcription a sur la progression du cycle cellulaire.L'enquête sur le recrutement de Capicua aux chromosomes polytènes a conclu que l'expression constitutive au cours du développement est nécessaire pour présenter une activité de liaison à l'ADN stable. Lorsque cette condition est remplie la glande salivaire et la taille des chromosomes polytenes est réduite, conformément à l'interruption de la progression de endocycle. Cela confirme les études antérieures citant le rôle du Capicua dans la prolifération cellulaire et est compatible avec la répression contraignante et susceptible directe des PRPS. En outre, l'identification d'une interaction directe avec PRPS suggère que ce facteur est impliqué dans la survie et la prolifération des cellules déficientes RBF1
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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