1,721,022 research outputs found
Ethno-psychiatrie
No full textL’« Ethnopsychiatrie » d’Henri Ellenberger est la première synthèse de langue française sur cette discipline hybride située entre psychiatrie et ethnologie, qui s’est développée après-guerre à la fin des empires coloniaux et qui a connu un succès foudroyant ces dernières décennies. Ce corpus présente un grand intérêt du point de vue de l’histoire des sciences humaines et sociales. D’une part, il constitue un cas d’étude de circulation des savoirs entre la France et l’Amérique du Nord, puisqu’il a été rédigé à Montréal par un médecin et chercheur formé à Paris. D’autre part, il permet d’interroger le moment de transition entre la médecine coloniale et les pratiques contemporaines de l’ethnopsychiatrie en métropole avec des migrants. Cette nouvelle édition en trois parties s’ouvre par une présentation générale qui resitue les sources dans le contexte des savoirs de l’époque, en mettant l’accent sur les acteurs et les réseaux savants, entre médecine, psychologie et sciences sociales, dans une perspective historique. Le texte original est quant à lui reproduit à l’identique et annoté. Enfin un choix d’archives inédites est proposé, dont un enseignement délivré au Canada et un échange épistolaire avec Georges Devereux.Henri Ellenberger’s “Ethno-psychiatry” is the first synthesis in the French language on this hybrid discipline at the crossroads of psychiatry and ethnology, which developed in the post-war era with the end of colonial empires and which has met with tremendous success in recent decades. This body of work is of great interest within the history of humanities and social sciences. On the one hand, it represents a case study of the circulation of knowledge between France and North America as it was written in Montréal in an English-speaking and academic environment by a French-speaking researcher educated in Paris. On the other hand, it raises interesting questions about the transition between colonial medicine and the contemporary practices of ethno-psychiatry on the mainland with migrants. The new edition in three parts opens with a general presentation which puts the sources back into the context of the knowledge of this particular historical period, placing strong emphasis on the actors and academic networks in medicine, psychology and social sciences, with a historical view. The original text is reproduced and annotated identically. Finally, a number of unpublished archives is offered, with a lesson given in Canada and an epistolary exchange with Georges Devereux
Partie descriptive et clinique
No full textLes troubles mentaux étudiés par l’ethno-psychiatrie peuvent se diviser en trois groupes : 1) Les maladies mentales de cause organique ; 2) Les troubles mentaux sans cause organique connue ; 3) Les psychoses collectives. Maladies mentales de cause organique Les maladies mentales de cause organique peuvent intéresser l’ethno-psychiatrie tout d’abord dans la mesure où leur fréquence est influencée par certaines attitudes mentales de la population. Exemple : chez les Indiens cakchiquel du Guatem..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ethno-psychiatrie par H. F. Ellenberger [1965-1967]
No full textDéfinition L’ethno-psychiatrie est l’étude des affections mentales en fonction des groupes ethniques ou culturels auxquels appartiennent les malades. Cette définition délimite l’ethnopsychiatrie par rapport : 1) à la psychologie des peuples qui, ainsi que l’a montré Miroglio (1958), est une des branches de la sociologie descriptive ; 2) à l’« anthropologie culturelle », que l’on peut considérer comme une branche de l’ethnologie au sens le plus large du terme ; 3) à la socio-psychiatrie, qui e..
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Choix sous contraintes
No full textIn Europe under the domination of the National Socialist regime, particularly in ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps, men and women were confronted with the necessity of making choices under extreme conditions. Several accounts have reached us: a mother had to sacrifice one of her children to allow another to survive; a prisoner who became a “Kapo” was forced to choose which prisoners to protect at the expense of others; a doctor or caregiver had to decide which patients in the infirmary had the best chance of surviving in order to spare them from selection; and so on. Under these extreme conditions, all the values that guided these choices came into conflict – whether related to individual morality, professional ethics, or the logic of collective resistance. In this sense, the choice was both impossible and, at the same time, inevitable and necessary. The specialist in literature on the Jewish genocide, Lawrence L. Langer, coined the term “choiceless choices” in 1980: a non-choice, meaning a choice that is not really a choice. By mobilizing contributions from researchers from different countries and specialists in the history of the camps and testimonial literature, this book offers an interdisciplinary reflection on the question of choice and survival strategies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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