1,720,983 research outputs found
La patrie régénérée ? Clément Lefébure, l'École normale de Gymnastique et d'Escrime de l'Armée et la percée de la gymnastique suédoise en Belgique (1885-1908)
No full textDelheye Pascal. La patrie régénérée ? Clément Lefébure, l'École normale de Gymnastique et d'Escrime de l'Armée et la percée de la gymnastique suédoise en Belgique (1885-1908). In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, hors-série, 2003. L’Empreinte de Joinville, 150 ans de sport. pp. 335-357
Verantwoorden, leren of promoten? Een blik op de redenen voor en de effecten van sociale impactmetingen
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Struggling for gymnastics in Belgium : the rhetorics of the battle of the systems (1860-1914)
No full textLa guerre des méthodes de gymnastique en Belgique dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, entre adeptes de la gymnastique allemande (Turnen) et de la gymnastique suédoise. Etude de la dimension rhétorique de ce conflit : discours, utilisation de concepts et de références scientifiques (physiologiques), jusqu'à la fondation de l'Institut supérieur d'éducation physique à Gand en 1908, premier institut au monde à délivrer les grades académiques de licencié et docteur en éducation physiqu
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Plus de sueur, moins de sang? Entraînement physique et sport militaire en Belgique 1945-1995
No full textMore sweat, less bloodMilitary physical training and sport in Belgium 1945-1995The slogan more sweat, less blood is based on the contention that the physically fit soldiers have a better chance for survival in war than those who are less fit. This also stresses the importance of an intense military physical training of army recruits. The first part of this thesis consists of an in depth study of the different methods of physical training and sport, which have been applied by the Belgian armed forces since their reorganisation in 1945 until the end of the draft system in 1995. The long standing tradition of the Swedish analytical gymnastics from the pre-war period, was in 1945 replaced by the British physical training system. Later, elements of the natural method of Hébert were added and finally the training methods of modern sport were adopted. The Royal Military Institute of Physical Education was charged with the training of the instructors and the so called masters, who were responsible for the implementation of the physical training in the different military units.A second part of this thesis is the study of the so called barometer of the physical fitness of the male Belgian youth. Every year, 40.000 young men about nineteen years of age were called under arms for military service of which the duration throughout the draft period varied from eight to twenty four months. Thus two million young men were physically trained to fight as soldiers in case of war. Through the available data of their medical-physical examination, which they all underwent at the Recruitment and Selection Centre (RSC), and through the results of the physical tests they performed during their training period, a statistical analysis can be made of the evolution of the physical profile of the drafties. The results are not very optimistic. The constant improvement of the social, hygienic and medical situation during the half century under consideration, was not associated with an improvement of the physical condition of the male youth. About twenty percent of the young men drafted in 1992 were declined from military service. Prior to their convening order to the RSC, five percent had already been declined from army service for medical reasons such as blindness or other physical or mental handicaps. Another 17,55 % among the Francophones and 12,51 % among the Dutch speaking young men were dropped out after their medical examination in the RSC. Among those found fit for duty, only forty percent were without shortcomings and thus fit for becoming a combat soldier. The others could not been sent to elite troops and ten percent of them could only perform unarmed maintenance tasks. The most striking shortcomings were on the one hand a lack of physical endurance and on the other hand overweight or obesity, consequences of our modern sedentary lifestyle. Some young soldiers were even qualified as motor skill analphabetics. Because of the abolition of the military service, this barometer of the physical fitness of young adult males is no longer available. The consequences of the allowance of women in the Belgian armed forces -from 1975 onwards- on the norm and standards of physical performance tests, is also discussed.Finally, an overview is given of the contribution made by the military men and women to both the military and the civil sports scene, as well national as on the international level. The armed forces also helped to promote civil sport in many ways, for instance by providing sports infrastructure which could be used by civil clubs or by granting the status of military sport elite and some prerogatives associated with to young promising sportsmen or women. The specific situation of the sports practice in the Belgian military communities, both in the former colony of Belgian Congo and in the German Federal Republic -the so called Belgian Tenth Province- is discussed with the impact of Belgian military men on the development of sport in Congo and in Germany. Fortunately, the relevance of the higher mentioned slogan more sweat, less blood had not to be subjected to an empirical test, because of the continuous peace which has reigned in Belgium during the whole period studied. So luckily enough, it was not blood, but a lot of sweat which has streamed during the military training of the two million young recruits. This way, the military service was a unique chance to monitor and to improve the physical fitness of several generations of young Belgian males.status: Publishe
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Van gymnastiek naar wetenschap? Processen van academische en professionele profielbewaking binnen het universitaire domein van de lichamelijke opvoeding in België
No full textIn 1908, physical education was incorporated as a new university field of study within the Higher Institute of Physical Education (HIPE) at the State University in Ghent. This university institutionalization of physical education symbolized the starting point of a difficult quest for professional and academic profile keeping. In the first two decades of its existence, a sort of internal schism developed at the HIPE. On the one hand, the appointed physiatrists (physicians-physiotherapists) focused on the extension of their previously established expertise within the field of physiotherapy, neglecting to start up their own research relating to physical education. As a consequence, the new university domain of physical education did not acquire an academic identity that was unique in regard to other medical specializations. On the other hand, a particular professional profile was developed through the university education program, namely the formation of university educated teachers instructed by the Swedish pedagogical gymnastics method. Professional profile keeping, however, was not achieved. The lack of profile keeping led to the university status of physical education being a subject of fundamental debate in the 1920s. During the early thirties, however, medical patronage facilitated a reform of the academic and professional profile of physical education and prevented its removal from the university plan. The initial profiling of physical education as a form of curative medicine made way for a new academic profiling as preventive (sports) medicine, whereby the delivery of physical education teachers as a professional profile was exchanged for the training of health guardians with medical-scientific knowledge for the school and sports sectors. This profile switch brought about a scientific migration within both the existing HIPE in Ghent and the three new university institutes in Liège, Brussels and Leuven established during the 1930s, in which physicians-physiologists succeeded the physiatrists. Since these physicians-physiologists concentrated on both the renewed academic and professional profile, the former internal schism partly but only temporarily disappeared. Nevertheless, the renewed university field did not acquire its own academic and professional identity. As a consequence, attention was shifted again to the education of teachers as a professional target. Through the medium of Swedish gymnastics and the training of university educated teachers and Government inspectors, the State institutes were able to enforce pedagogical profile keeping. During the more recent decades of the twentieth century, both the professional and academic profile for physical education underwent thorough reform and diversification. The traditional pedagogical profile was dynamised around 1968 by an intrinsic switch from the Swedish gymnastics method to individual and collective sports practice, while the professional profile itself was extended to the formation of sports trainers, fitness instructors, sports managers, outdoor trainers, adapted physical activity coaches and movement experts. Professional profile keeping, however, was not realized. The more explicit academic profiling equally did not result in a strong, unique academic identity for the field, which is now characterized by fragmentation, both on a national and international level. Therefore, reflecting on and striving for both professional and academic profile keeping seems necessary to maintain the field of physical education/kinesiology on the university plan, whereby the demarcation of its own social and scientific territory must enable the field to finance and thus legitimize itself.status: Publishe
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