1,721,117 research outputs found
Hospital-Wide SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Screening in 3056 Staff in a Tertiary Center in Belgium
No full textThis study characterizes the prevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among hospital staff of a Belgian tertiary care center tested over 1 week in April 2020, and risk factors for seropositivity.status: Publishe
De l’utilité de la sérologie infectieuse: morceaux choisis
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Infection congénitale à cytomégalovirus :Amélioration des techniques diagnostiques sérologiques de l’infection maternelle et étude de marqueurs virologiques maternels de transmission materno-fœtale
No full textL’infection congénitale à cytomégalovirus (CMV) représente l’infection congénitale la plus fréquente et est la cause principale de retard mental acquis et de déficience auditive neurosensorielle d’origine infectieuse chez le nouveau-né. Le risque de transmission au fœtus en cas de primo-infection maternelle est de 30 à 40%, et d’environ 1.4% chez les femmes séropositives pour le CMV avant la grossesse. L’analyse de la littérature montre que de nombreuses questions subsistent dans le domaine du CMV congénital. Le screening sérologique des femmes enceintes n’est pas systématique, entre autres à cause des difficultés fréquentes d’interprétation sérologique et des possibilités limitées de prévention et de traitement de l’infection fœtale. L’amélioration du diagnostic sérologique de l’infection à CMV est donc une étape importante dans la prise en charge des femmes enceintes. Dans la première partie de notre travail, nous avons montré les bonnes performances des tests automatisés LIAISON®CMV IgG II, LIAISON®CMV IgM II and LIAISON®CMV IgG Avidity II tant en prospectif sur des échantillons de routine que sur des sérums sélectionnés avec date de primo-infection connue. Ces nouveaux tests sont donc utiles pour le diagnostic de la primo-infection à CMV et la détermination du statut immunitaire, avec l’avantage d’une automatisation complète. Cependant, dans 18% des cas, la mesure de l’avidité des IgG se situe dans une zone intermédiaire ne permettant pas de dater l’infection. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons évalué les capacités des immunoblots Mikrogen recomLine CMV IgG and IgG Avidity à dater une infection primaire en utilisant des sérums pour lesquels la date de primo-infection à CMV est précisément connue, et montré que ces tests donnent une interprétation correcte dans 83.1%, un résultat incorrect dans 4.5% et un résultat non concluant dans 12.4% des cas. En particulier, la combinaison des tests Mikrogen montre une meilleure sensibilité à diagnostiquer une infection <14 semaines comparé au test VIDAS IgG Avidity (85.96% vs 76.92%). Sur un second panel d’échantillons avec une avidité des IgG VIDAS intermédiaire, ces nouveaux tests ont apporté une information complémentaire quant à la datation de la primo-infection dans 79% (70/89) des cas. L’impact clinique direct est prometteur :une analyse préliminaire sur 10 femmes enceintes de moins de 14 semaines d’âge gestationnel avec une sérologie difficile à interpréter, montre que ces tests ont permis d’éviter une amniocentèse chez 5 d’entre elles.Enfin, lorsqu’un diagnostic de primo-infection maternelle à CMV est posé ou suspecté chez une femme enceinte, nous manquons de marqueurs prédictifs de transmission materno-fœtale non invasifs pour la grossesse. Dans la troisième partie de notre travail, sur une cohorte de 150 femmes enceintes présentant une primo-infection, nous avons montré que la présence de CMV dans le sang et les urines maternelles est corrélée avec la transmission verticale et que la charge virale urinaire est plus élevée chez les femmes transmetteuses. Ces marqueurs virologiques peuvent être utiles dans l’évaluation du risque de transmission en cas de primo-infection maternelle mais nécessitent des études sur de plus larges cohortes afin de confirmer ces résultats et d’établir un seuil quantitatif.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
De l'utilité ou non de la sérologie infectieuse: morceaux choisis.
No full textSerology testing allows the determination of immunity against different infecting organisms via the dosage of IgG. When the direct detection of a pathogen is not possible, detection of specific IgM antibodies or antigens may also help to diagnose an acute infection. This article describes the usefulness of serological testing for the diagnosis or the follow-up of some infectious pathologies: Lyme disease, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Serological diagnosis of Lyme disease is difficult. Results must always be interpreted in correlation with clinical symptoms: on the one hand, the presence of antibodies could be correlated either with a recent or a past infection; and on the other hand, sensitivity of Lyme serology is low in the early stages. Concerning STD, the direct detection of the pathogen must be preferred for Herpes simplex, Chlamydia, mycoplasma and gonorrhoea infections. For detection of HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis, serological testing is the method of choice. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis is based on the detection of specific EBV IgM antibodies and should be preferred to the detection of heterophilic antibodies such as Paul and Bunnel test. EBV reactivation are very rare in immunocompetent patients, but can occur in immunocompromised, particularly transplanted patients and can lead to a lymphoproliferative disorder. Surveillance of these patients can be followed with the monitoring of EBV viral load. Serological testing in this case is generally not useful.English AbstractJournal ArticleSCOPUS: sh.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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