1,721,048 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
MGMT-Promotormethylierung und epileptische Anfälle bei Patienten mit primären und sekundären Glioblastomen, anaplastischen Astrozytomen und Gangliogliomen
Full text linkHintergrund und Ziele
Hirntumore stellen altersübergreifend den zweithäufigsten Grund für epileptische Anfälle dar,
wobei die verschiedenen Entitäten unterschiedlich epileptogen wirken. Entgegen der
Empfehlung von Fachgesellschaften wird mehr als die Hälfte der Hirntumorpatienten rein
prophylaktisch mit Antikonvulsiva therapiert, wodurch zahlreiche Nebenwirkungen in Kauf
genommen werden. Andererseits sind etwa 30 Prozent der Patienten trotz Therapie nicht
anfallsfrei, was ihre Lebensqualität massiv beeinträchtigt.
Es konnten bereits epigenetische Veränderungen im Hirngewebe von Epilepsiepatienten
nachgewiesen werden. Die Methylierungshypothese geht davon aus, dass Anfälle in der Lage
sind, epigenetische Veränderungen wie DNA-Methylierung herbeizuführen.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es herauszufinden, ob bei Hirntumorpatienten Zusammenhänge
zwischen der Methylierung des MGMT-Promotors und dem Auftreten epileptischer Anfälle
nachgewiesen werden können. Somit könnte nach der histopathologischen Untersuchung des
Tumorgewebes das individuelle Risiko (wieder-)auftretender Anfälle abgeschätzt und so eine
nebenwirkungsreiche Übertherapie vermieden werden.
Methoden
In diese Studie wurden insgesamt 343 Patienten eingeschlossen, die in zwei Kohorten
aufgeteilt wurden. Die Gruppe der malignen Gliome dieser Arbeit umfasst 243 Patienten,
deren Resektate im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2017 im Neuropathologischen Institut Erlangen
histopathologisch untersucht wurden und die entweder ein primäres oder sekundäres
Glioblastom oder ein anaplastisches Astrozytom zeigten. In die Gangliogliomkohorte wurden
100 Patienten aufgenommen, deren Biopsate im Zeitraum von 2003 bis 2017 im
Neuropathologischen Institut Erlangen histopathologisch untersucht wurden und als
Gangliogliom diagnostiziert wurden.
Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich innerhalb der Kohorte der malignen Gliome unter den
Patienten mit präoperativen und/oder postoperativen Anfällen ein signifikant größerer Anteil
mit methylierten Tumoren befindet als bei den Patienten ohne Anfälle. Für die Gangliogliom-
Kohorte konnte dies nicht eindeutig nachgewiesen werden. Hier könnte der MGMT-Promotor
eine unglückliche Wahl zur Überprüfung der Methylierung auf DNA-Ebene darstellen.
Außerdem wurden diverse epidemiologische Charakteristika sowie Überlebensdaten der
jeweiligen Tumorentitäten dargestellt und mit bereits bestehender Literatur verglichen.
Schlussfolgerung
Es konnte die Hypothese bestätigt werden, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen der
Methylierung des MGMT-Promotors und dem Auftreten von epileptischen Anfällen besteht.
Diese Ergebnisse eröffnen die Möglichkeit, Patienten in Zukunft anhand des
Methylierungsstatus ihres Tumors in Risikogruppen für das Entwickeln epileptischer Anfälle
einzuteilen und die Notwendigkeit einer antikonvulsiven Therapie abzuschätzen.Objectives
Brain tumors are the second most common cause for epilepsy in adults as well as children,
while distinct entities show a varying likelihood of causing seizures. Despite experts
recommending otherwise, around 50 percent of the patients with brain tumors receive
anticonvulsive medication which may cause various side effects. Nevertheless 30 percent of
patients treated with anticonvulsive drugs still suffer from seizures reducing their quality of
life.
There is clear evidence that there are epigenetic alterations in the brain tissue of patients with
epilepsy. The methylation hypothesis states that seizures are able to cause epigenetic
alterations such as DNA methylation.
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is evidence of a link between methylation
of the MGMT-promotor and seizures. If so, it would allow an estimation of the patients`
individual risk of developing or having recurrent seizures according to the histopathological
findings of the tumor sample, thus preventing unnecessary medication that could cause side
effects.
Design & Methods
This study includes 343 patients who were divided into two groups. The malignant glioma
group is composed of 243 patients whose tumor specimens were examined in the
neuropathological institute of the University of Erlangen between 2005 and 2017 and showed
either a primary or secondary glioblastoma or an anaplastic astrocytoma. The ganglioglioma
group consists of 100 patients whose tumors were analysed in the neuropathological institute
of the University of Erlangen between 2003 and 2017.
Observations & Results
Regarding the malignant glioma group we were able to show that the amount of methylated
tumors is significantly higher within the group of patients having experienced preoperative
and/or postoperative seizures than within those without seizures. We were not able to show
this correlation within the group of ganglioglioma patients, most likely because of the MGMT
promotor being an unlikely spot for DNA-methylation to occur in this tumor entity.
We also present a variety of epidemiological characteristics as well as the outcome of these
tumor entities and compared them to already existing data.
Conclusions
We were able to prove the hypothesis of a link between the methylation of the MGMT
promotor and seizures. These data suggest the possibility of subdividing patients into groups
of differing risks of epilepsy by using the tumors` methylation status
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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