1,720,992 research outputs found
Chronic early-life obesity linked to childhood impulsivity predicts long-term psychosis trajectory through dose-dependent cerebellar dysmaturation in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.
Full text linkRecent epidemiological evidence links early-life obesity and metabolic dysregulation to adult psychosis vulnerability, though a causal relationship remains unclear. Establishing causality in highly heritable psychotic disorders requires: 1) demonstrating that early-life metabolic factors mediate between genetic vulnerability and psychosis trajectory, 2) dissecting mechanisms leading to early-life obesity in genetically vulnerable individuals, and 3) clarifying downstream neurodevelopmental pathways linking early-life obesity to psychosis symptoms. Here we investigated bidirectional pathways linking behavioral, BMI, and neurodevelopment trajectories in a unique longitudinal cohort of 184 individuals at high genetic risk for psychosis, due to 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), and 182 neurotypical controls, followed-up since childhood. We combined repeated BMI measurements with clinical/neurocognitive phenotyping and neuroimaging. We investigated the relationship between BMI trajectories with risk of psychosis and tested whether altered cortical or cerebellar development could underlie this association. Childhood behavioral impulsivity predicted early and progressive deviations in BMI trajectories, mediating the effects of 22q11DS vulnerability to early-life obesity. Chronic BMI-increases manifesting during childhood predicted the subsequent emergence of psychosis during late-adolescence/early-adulthood, mediating the effects of behavioral impulsivity. A dose effect relationship linked duration of increased BMI-status to worsening of motor and cognitive disorganization, a key schizophrenia symptom domain, which was mediated by progressive gray matter volume reductions in posterior-inferior cerebellum. These findings suggest that metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity may link childhood behavioral impulsivity to psychosis vulnerability in 22q11DS, by influencing cerebellar maturation. These findings might support preventive interventions targeting early-life metabolic trajectories in individuals at risk of psychosis.MIPLA
Chronic early-life obesity linked to childhood impulsivity predicts long-term psychosis trajectory through dose-dependent cerebellar dysmaturation in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
No full textBackground: recent epidemiological evidence links early-life obesity and metabolic dysregulation to adult psychosis vulnerability, though a causal relationship remains unclear. Establishing causality in highly heritable psychotic disorders requires: 1) demonstrating that early-life metabolic factors mediate between genetic vulnerability and psychosis trajectory, 2) dissecting mechanisms leading to early-life obesity in genetically vulnerable individuals, and 3) clarifying downstream neurodevelopmental pathways linking early-life obesity to psychosis symptoms.Methods: here we investigated bidirectional pathways linking behavioral, BMI, and neurodevelopment trajectories in a unique longitudinal cohort of 184 individuals at high genetic risk for psychosis, due to 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), and 182 neurotypical controls, followed-up since childhood. We combined repeated BMI measurements with clinical/neurocognitive phenotyping and neuroimaging. We investigated the relationship between BMI trajectories with risk of psychosis and tested whether altered cortical or cerebellar development could underlie this association. Results: childhood behavioral impulsivity predicted early and progressive deviations in BMI trajectories, mediating the effects of 22q11DS vulnerability to early-life obesity. Chronic BMI-increases manifesting during childhood predicted the subsequent emergence of psychosis during late-adolescence/early-adulthood, mediating the effects of behavioral impulsivity. A dose effect relationship linked duration of increased BMI-status to worsening of motor and cognitive disorganization, a key schizophrenia symptom domain, which was mediated by progressive gray matter volume reductions in posterior-inferior cerebellum.Conclusions: these findings suggest that metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity may link childhood behavioral impulsivity to psychosis vulnerability in 22q11DS, by influencing cerebellar maturation. These findings might support preventive interventions targeting early-life metabolic trajectories in individuals at risk of psychosis. <br/
Characterizing developmental neural correlates of psychosis predisposition in patients with 22q11.2DS using multimodal neuroimaging techniques
No full textSchizophrenia is a severely disabling mental disorder with largely unknown underlying mechanisms. Although fully developed psychosis is typically diagnosed in early adulthood, symptoms often begin manifesting in a sub-clinical state during adolescence. This thesis investigates the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of psychosis vulnerability, particularly through the lens of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS). By developing and applying advanced brain functional imaging techniques, specifically for resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), this work explores the maturation of brain circuits and their association with psychosis.
In summary, our findings support the notion of aberrant brain developmental processes, particularly in subcortical structures, leading to psychosis. We show that the methodology of rs-fMRI can be used to extract valuable information with regards to clinically relevant alterations in the brain. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence of cerebrovascular functional abnormalities in patients with 22q11DS, highlighting the need for further investigation.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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