1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Altérations du microbiote induites par l'alimentation moderne : impact sur la susceptibilité aux maladies et effets transgénérationnels
No full textIn recent decades, industrialized lifestyles have significantly influenced the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, thereby disrupting its symbiotic relationship with the host. Coinciding with these changes, there has been a notable surge in diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), sparking increased interest in unravelling the microbiota's role in the development of these complex diseases. Among the changes associated with industrialized lifestyles, ultra-processed foods and their additives, such as emulsifiers, have been found to adversely affect the intestinal microbiota. More importantly, emulsifiers have been reported to drive microbiota-dependant intestinal inflammation, which manifest as metabolic deregulations or colitis in genetically susceptible host. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased diseases susceptibility associated with food additives-driven microbiota alteration remains unknown. Here, we first investigated the role of emulsifiers-induced microbiota alterations on T1D development, with the aim of using emulsifiers-associated microbiota shift to predict disease development. Using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of spontaneous T1D, we observed that emulsifiers accelerated T1D onset, accompanied by changes in microbiota composition and function, as well as low-grade intestinal inflammation. Machine learning analysis indicated that emulsifier-induced microbiota disruption could partially predict T1D development, highlighting the intricate interactions between the host, its microbiota, and diet. This suggests that perturbations of the host-microbiota homeostasis by dietary emulsifiers may have contributed to the rise in T1D since the mid-20th century. In addition, all individuals undergo a specific period in early life during which host-microbiota establishment is central in modulating disease susceptibility at a latter age. The intestinal microbiota establishes at birth and develop concomitantly with its host immune system, and proper early-life interactions have been reported to be crucial since microbiota alteration in that period have been associated with long-lasting deleterious imprint on its host, leading to increased diseases susceptibility. Therefore, we next investigated the potential effect of emulsifier consumption on the next generation's host-microbiota interactions and susceptibility to obesity and intestinal inflammation. We observed that maternal emulsifiers exposure induced early-life microbiota alterations in the offspring, increasing their susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Maternal-driven microbiota alteration in offspring was also associated with compromised intestinal antigen passages through colonic goblet cells (GAPs). Restauration of the early -life microbiota or antigen passage restoration were both sufficient to prevent diseases susceptibility, indicating the central role played by the early life microbiota and its communication with the host in the observed diseases susceptibility. Hence, this study highlights the significant role played by maternal diet in shaping next-generation intestine-microbiota interactions, with long term consequences on health, potentially contributing to the observed recent increased of these intestinal and metabolic diseases. By demonstrating that emulsifier-induced microbiota alterations can predict disease onset and influence disease susceptibility across generations, our findings underscore the implications of early-life maternal-driven microbiota alteration on long-term health outcomes. The identified mechanistic keys involving maternal microbiota transmission and early life host-microbiota communication provides valuable insights highlighting the need for further research into the intricate interplay between diet, microbiota, and disease for targeted interventions upstream of diseases onset in next generations.Au cours des dernières décennies, la modernisation de nos modes de vie a influencé notre microbiote intestinal, perturbant ainsi sa relation symbiotique avec l'hôte. Parallèlement à ces changements, l'incidence de maladies telles que les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin, le syndrome métabolique et le diabète de type 1 (DT1) a significativement augmentée, suscitant un intérêt croissant pour le rôle du microbiote dans le développement de ces maladies complexes. Parmi les changements associés aux modes de vie modernes, les aliments ultra-transformés et leurs additifs, tels que les émulsifiants, ont été identifiés comme ayant des effets néfastes sur le microbiote intestinal. De plus, ces altérations du microbiote induites par les émulsifiants conduisent à des dérégulations métaboliques et l'inflammation de l'intestin chez l'hôte. Cependant, l'impact au travers des générations et les mécanismes sous-jacent restent inconnus. Dans ces travaux, l'impact de l'altération du microbiote alimentaire par les émulsifiants sur le développement du DT1 a d'abord été étudié. En utilisant un modèle murin de DT1 spontané, nous avons observé que les émulsifiants accéléraient le développement du DT1, en parallèle de modifications de la composition et de la fonction du microbiote. Une analyse machine learning a permis de partiellement prédire le développement du DT1 à partir du microbiote, soulignant les interactions complexes entre l'hôte, son microbiote et l'alimentation dans le développement du DT1. Cela suggère que les perturbations de l'homéostasie hôte-microbiote par les émulsifiants alimentaires pourraient avoir contribué à l'augmentation du DT1 ces dernières années. De plus, au début de la vie, chaque individu traverse une période spécifique pendant les deux années qui suivent sa naissance, pendant laquelle le microbiote se met en place. Les interactions hôte-microbiote pendant cette période sont cruciales, car leur perturbation induit une empreinte délétère sur l'hôte, entraînant une susceptibilité accrue aux maladies. Nous avons donc ensuite étudié l'effet de la consommation maternelle d'émulsifiants sur les interactions hôte-microbiote de sa descendance et la susceptibilité aux maladies inflammatoires et métaboliques. Nous avons observé que l'exposition maternelle aux émulsifiants induisait des altérations du microbiote de la descendance pendant cette période spécifique du début de la vie. Cette perturbation était suffisante pour augmenter leur susceptibilité à l'obésité et à l'inflammation intestinale à l'âge adulte. Cette altération transgénérationnelle était également associée à une perturbation du passage des antigènes à travers l'épithélium intestinal. La restauration du microbiote, ou le passage des antigènes au début de la vie de ces descendant a été suffisant pour totalement prévenir la susceptibilité aux maladies, soulignant le rôle central joué par l'interaction entre l'hôte et son microbiote au début de la vie. Ainsi, l'alimentation maternelle joue un role majeur dans le développent du microbiote de sa descendance, et donc dans les interactions hôte-microbiote modulant ainsi la santé à long-terme. Ces aspects transgénérationnels ne sont pas encore pris en compte dans l'étiologie des maladies, et pourraient pourtant contribuer significativement à l'augmentation récemment observée de l'incidence de ces maladies inflammatoires et métaboliques. En démontrant que les altérations du microbiote induites par les émulsifiants peuvent prédire l'apparition de maladies et influencer la susceptibilité aux maladies à travers les générations, ces résultats soulignent l'implication des facteurs de l'alimentation moderne sur le développement de ces maladies. Les mécanismes identifiés, impliquant la transmission du microbiote maternel et la communication hôte-microbiote, fournissent de nouvelles cibles d'action dans la recherche d'interventions ciblées pour la prévention en amont de l'apparition des maladies dans les générations futures
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Altérations du microbiote induites par l'alimentation moderne : impact sur la susceptibilité aux maladies et effets transgénérationnels
No full textIn recent decades, industrialized lifestyles have significantly influenced the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, thereby disrupting its symbiotic relationship with the host. Coinciding with these changes, there has been a notable surge in diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes (T1D), sparking increased interest in unravelling the microbiota's role in the development of these complex diseases. Among the changes associated with industrialized lifestyles, ultra-processed foods and their additives, such as emulsifiers, have been found to adversely affect the intestinal microbiota. More importantly, emulsifiers have been reported to drive microbiota-dependant intestinal inflammation, which manifest as metabolic deregulations or colitis in genetically susceptible host. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased diseases susceptibility associated with food additives-driven microbiota alteration remains unknown. Here, we first investigated the role of emulsifiers-induced microbiota alterations on T1D development, with the aim of using emulsifiers-associated microbiota shift to predict disease development. Using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of spontaneous T1D, we observed that emulsifiers accelerated T1D onset, accompanied by changes in microbiota composition and function, as well as low-grade intestinal inflammation. Machine learning analysis indicated that emulsifier-induced microbiota disruption could partially predict T1D development, highlighting the intricate interactions between the host, its microbiota, and diet. This suggests that perturbations of the host-microbiota homeostasis by dietary emulsifiers may have contributed to the rise in T1D since the mid-20th century. In addition, all individuals undergo a specific period in early life during which host-microbiota establishment is central in modulating disease susceptibility at a latter age. The intestinal microbiota establishes at birth and develop concomitantly with its host immune system, and proper early-life interactions have been reported to be crucial since microbiota alteration in that period have been associated with long-lasting deleterious imprint on its host, leading to increased diseases susceptibility. Therefore, we next investigated the potential effect of emulsifier consumption on the next generation's host-microbiota interactions and susceptibility to obesity and intestinal inflammation. We observed that maternal emulsifiers exposure induced early-life microbiota alterations in the offspring, increasing their susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic dysregulation and intestinal inflammation. Maternal-driven microbiota alteration in offspring was also associated with compromised intestinal antigen passages through colonic goblet cells (GAPs). Restauration of the early -life microbiota or antigen passage restoration were both sufficient to prevent diseases susceptibility, indicating the central role played by the early life microbiota and its communication with the host in the observed diseases susceptibility. Hence, this study highlights the significant role played by maternal diet in shaping next-generation intestine-microbiota interactions, with long term consequences on health, potentially contributing to the observed recent increased of these intestinal and metabolic diseases. By demonstrating that emulsifier-induced microbiota alterations can predict disease onset and influence disease susceptibility across generations, our findings underscore the implications of early-life maternal-driven microbiota alteration on long-term health outcomes. The identified mechanistic keys involving maternal microbiota transmission and early life host-microbiota communication provides valuable insights highlighting the need for further research into the intricate interplay between diet, microbiota, and disease for targeted interventions upstream of diseases onset in next generations.Au cours des dernières décennies, la modernisation de nos modes de vie a influencé notre microbiote intestinal, perturbant ainsi sa relation symbiotique avec l'hôte. Parallèlement à ces changements, l'incidence de maladies telles que les maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin, le syndrome métabolique et le diabète de type 1 (DT1) a significativement augmentée, suscitant un intérêt croissant pour le rôle du microbiote dans le développement de ces maladies complexes. Parmi les changements associés aux modes de vie modernes, les aliments ultra-transformés et leurs additifs, tels que les émulsifiants, ont été identifiés comme ayant des effets néfastes sur le microbiote intestinal. De plus, ces altérations du microbiote induites par les émulsifiants conduisent à des dérégulations métaboliques et l'inflammation de l'intestin chez l'hôte. Cependant, l'impact au travers des générations et les mécanismes sous-jacent restent inconnus. Dans ces travaux, l'impact de l'altération du microbiote alimentaire par les émulsifiants sur le développement du DT1 a d'abord été étudié. En utilisant un modèle murin de DT1 spontané, nous avons observé que les émulsifiants accéléraient le développement du DT1, en parallèle de modifications de la composition et de la fonction du microbiote. Une analyse machine learning a permis de partiellement prédire le développement du DT1 à partir du microbiote, soulignant les interactions complexes entre l'hôte, son microbiote et l'alimentation dans le développement du DT1. Cela suggère que les perturbations de l'homéostasie hôte-microbiote par les émulsifiants alimentaires pourraient avoir contribué à l'augmentation du DT1 ces dernières années. De plus, au début de la vie, chaque individu traverse une période spécifique pendant les deux années qui suivent sa naissance, pendant laquelle le microbiote se met en place. Les interactions hôte-microbiote pendant cette période sont cruciales, car leur perturbation induit une empreinte délétère sur l'hôte, entraînant une susceptibilité accrue aux maladies. Nous avons donc ensuite étudié l'effet de la consommation maternelle d'émulsifiants sur les interactions hôte-microbiote de sa descendance et la susceptibilité aux maladies inflammatoires et métaboliques. Nous avons observé que l'exposition maternelle aux émulsifiants induisait des altérations du microbiote de la descendance pendant cette période spécifique du début de la vie. Cette perturbation était suffisante pour augmenter leur susceptibilité à l'obésité et à l'inflammation intestinale à l'âge adulte. Cette altération transgénérationnelle était également associée à une perturbation du passage des antigènes à travers l'épithélium intestinal. La restauration du microbiote, ou le passage des antigènes au début de la vie de ces descendant a été suffisant pour totalement prévenir la susceptibilité aux maladies, soulignant le rôle central joué par l'interaction entre l'hôte et son microbiote au début de la vie. Ainsi, l'alimentation maternelle joue un role majeur dans le développent du microbiote de sa descendance, et donc dans les interactions hôte-microbiote modulant ainsi la santé à long-terme. Ces aspects transgénérationnels ne sont pas encore pris en compte dans l'étiologie des maladies, et pourraient pourtant contribuer significativement à l'augmentation récemment observée de l'incidence de ces maladies inflammatoires et métaboliques. En démontrant que les altérations du microbiote induites par les émulsifiants peuvent prédire l'apparition de maladies et influencer la susceptibilité aux maladies à travers les générations, ces résultats soulignent l'implication des facteurs de l'alimentation moderne sur le développement de ces maladies. Les mécanismes identifiés, impliquant la transmission du microbiote maternel et la communication hôte-microbiote, fournissent de nouvelles cibles d'action dans la recherche d'interventions ciblées pour la prévention en amont de l'apparition des maladies dans les générations futures
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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