1,721,094 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Panic, Loss, Gratitude, and Sanity: The Impact of COVID-19 Gym Closures on the Experience of Community in CrossFit
Get PDF“Welcome to CrossFit: Join the World’s leading platform for health, happiness, and performance” – the CrossFit.com website advertises in bold letters. The background image features a group of athletes running, working out together, smiling. Health, happiness, and performance, all these three promises radiate not only through the wording but also the visuals on the website. But why happiness? And why CrossFit? CrossFit is a high-intensity functional fitness activity founded in California almost two decades ago and has since enjoyed an increasing popularity, in particular since the mid/late 2000s. Initially, the novelty and strenuous nature of the fitness regime (high intensity workouts, bodyweight movements paired up with some gymnastics movements and Olympic lifting) attracted its first followers .Since its inception, an elaborate set of narratives have developed out of and around CrossFit. These narratives often include the ideas that CrossFit is for everyone no matter their age or physical background; that it helps achieve a general yet unrivaled level of mental toughness and physical fitness; and that CrossFit classes are expertly coached to justify the membership fees which are higher than in a commercial gym where people follow their individual routines or might hop onto one of the many classes (e.g. spin, boxercise, Zumba) commercial gyms often offer today. At the core of what makes CrossFit CrossFit is situated the idea of community and that CrossFit brings people together from all walks of life. More than that: CrossFit is perceived and imagined as a community that is not merely shaped by the temporality of the 60 minutes coached classes, but a community that extends beyond the temporal and physical confines of the box, i.e. the CrossFit gym.CrossFit narratives seem omnipresent in the world of CrossFit. They are narrated by athletes and are part of their rationale for why they do CrossFit; they feature among CrossFit coaches in their formal and informal conversations and communications with members; they are publicized in promotional videos produced by CrossFit, as well as by commentators during live broadcasts.If, as the CrossFit narratives stipulate, community is a central element of the CrossFit experience, what happens when athletes are being cut off from these communities due to the COVID-19 gym closure? The notion of community in CrossFit serves as starting point for the exploration of this question in this paper. From there, I discuss how CrossFit athletes and coaches have experienced the closure of CrossFit boxes (gyms) due to COVID-19 lockdowns. I have interviewed coaches and athletes and the paper is structured based on themes that emerged in my conversation: community, panic, mental health, vulnerable groups, and obesity. Insights from this study suggest that a more nuanced understanding of public health and approach to policy is needed. The CrossFit communities people were part of before box closures and the social connections they were able to forge through CrossFit during lockdowns (albeit virtually) were key factors that helped people to both keep physically fit and stay mentally sane. Online Zoom classes some CrossFit boxes offered served as “anchor points” that helped people not only to stay physically fit but more importantly mentally sane, in particular those that were working from home, were single, or lived by themselves
Panic, Loss, Gratitude, and Sanity: The Impact of COVID-19 Gym Closures on the Experience of Community in CrossFit
Get PDF“Welcome to CrossFit: Join the World’s leading platform for health, happiness, and performance” – the CrossFit.com website advertises in bold letters. The background image features a group of athletes running, working out together, smiling. Health, happiness, and performance, all these three promises radiate not only through the wording but also the visuals on the website. But why happiness? And why CrossFit? CrossFit is a high-intensity functional fitness activity founded in California almost two decades ago and has since enjoyed an increasing popularity, in particular since the mid/late 2000s. Initially, the novelty and strenuous nature of the fitness regime (high intensity workouts, bodyweight movements paired up with some gymnastics movements and Olympic lifting) attracted its first followers .Since its inception, an elaborate set of narratives have developed out of and around CrossFit. These narratives often include the ideas that CrossFit is for everyone no matter their age or physical background; that it helps achieve a general yet unrivaled level of mental toughness and physical fitness; and that CrossFit classes are expertly coached to justify the membership fees which are higher than in a commercial gym where people follow their individual routines or might hop onto one of the many classes (e.g. spin, boxercise, Zumba) commercial gyms often offer today. At the core of what makes CrossFit CrossFit is situated the idea of community and that CrossFit brings people together from all walks of life. More than that: CrossFit is perceived and imagined as a community that is not merely shaped by the temporality of the 60 minutes coached classes, but a community that extends beyond the temporal and physical confines of the box, i.e. the CrossFit gym.CrossFit narratives seem omnipresent in the world of CrossFit. They are narrated by athletes and are part of their rationale for why they do CrossFit; they feature among CrossFit coaches in their formal and informal conversations and communications with members; they are publicized in promotional videos produced by CrossFit, as well as by commentators during live broadcasts.If, as the CrossFit narratives stipulate, community is a central element of the CrossFit experience, what happens when athletes are being cut off from these communities due to the COVID-19 gym closure? The notion of community in CrossFit serves as starting point for the exploration of this question in this paper. From there, I discuss how CrossFit athletes and coaches have experienced the closure of CrossFit boxes (gyms) due to COVID-19 lockdowns. I have interviewed coaches and athletes and the paper is structured based on themes that emerged in my conversation: community, panic, mental health, vulnerable groups, and obesity. Insights from this study suggest that a more nuanced understanding of public health and approach to policy is needed. The CrossFit communities people were part of before box closures and the social connections they were able to forge through CrossFit during lockdowns (albeit virtually) were key factors that helped people to both keep physically fit and stay mentally sane. Online Zoom classes some CrossFit boxes offered served as “anchor points” that helped people not only to stay physically fit but more importantly mentally sane, in particular those that were working from home, were single, or lived by themselves
L'expertise scientifique au service de la performance sportive
No full textEtude des conditions de production et de mobilisation des savoirs experts, des contraintes de la coopération entre experts scientifiques et entraîneurs, usagers et bénéficiaires des expertises, en mobilisant la sociologie de la traduction développée par Callon (1986) et Latour (1989). Approche de la mise à l'épreuve des dispositifs d'expertise sur le terrain sporti
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pluralité des régimes scientifiques dans les recherches sur la performance sportive
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Le forum internet comme lieu de mise à l’épreuve des connaissances scientifiques par les sportifs
No full textCette étude interroge les formes de mise en débat des connaissances scientifiques sur l’entraînement par les sportifs, en se centrant sur un cas particulier dans le domaine de la musculation. L’enquête porte sur des forums internet spécialisés, au sein desquels sont discutés des résultats de recherches qui tendent à prouver l’efficacité d’une méthode particulière d’entraînement, la « série unique ». Nous montrons d’abord comment l’accès biaisé aux données scientifiques sur internet contribue à polariser le débat autour de la question de l’utilité de la science pour l’entraînement sportif : alors que les partisans de la série unique défendent une conception scientiste de l’entraînement en musculation, ses opposants remettent en cause la capacité de la science à produire des connaissances utiles dans ce domaine. Nous nous intéressons ensuite au forum comme espace permettant de rapprocher et de comparer des expériences vécues. En effet, une expertise collective s’y développe afin d’évaluer l’intérêt de la série unique, sans pour autant qu’une clôture des débats soit possible.This study looks at how training-related instances of scientific knowledge are debated on by sportspeople. It focuses on a specific example in the field of body-building. Our investigation is about specialized internet forums, in which research results that show the efficiency of a particular method, called “singleset resistance training”, are discussed. First we show how the biased access to the scientific results on internet contributes to focus the debate on the question of the usefulness of science for sports training: while the partisans of the single set support a scientistic conception of weight training, its opponents challenge the ability of science to produce useful knowledge in this field. Then, we focus on the forum regarded as a place where people can compare lived experiences. Indeed, a collective expertise develops to assess the utility of single set training, but there is no possibility to bring the debate to a conclusion.Este estudio plantea las formas de escenificación de los conocimientos científicos respecto al entrenamiento de los deportistas, centrándose en un caso particular en el ámbito de la musculación. La investigación se refiere a los foros especializados de internet, en el seno de los cuales se discuten los resultados de trabajos que pretenden demostrar la eficacia del método original de entrenamiento denominado «a serie única». En primer lugar, mostramos como el acceso indirecto a los datos científicos de Internet contribuye a polarizar el debate entorno al problema de la utilidad de la ciencia respecto al entrenamiento deportivo: mientras que los partidarios de la serie única defienden una concepción científica del entrenamiento en musculación, sus oponentes cuestionan la capacidad de la ciencia para producir conocimientos útiles en ese campo. También nos interesamos por el foro como espacio que permite acercar y comparar las experiencias vividas. A este respecto, se desarrolla una valoración colectiva para evaluar el interés de la serie única, sin llevar a cabo un bloqueo de los debates
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