1,720,972 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Unravelling the role of Elongator complex in inner ear development
No full textL’oreille interne est constituée de l’appareil vestibulaire, responsable de l’équilibre, et de la cochlée, siège de l’audition. Au sein de la cochlée, les cellules sensorielles -également nommées cellules ciliées- garantissent la perception et la transmission du son vers les neurones du nerf auditif -ou neurones du ganglion spiral-, premier relais de la voie auditive. Une atteinte affectant ces deux types cellulaires, les cellules ciliées et/ou les neurones, mène irrémédiablement à une perte d’audition. Selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, près de 360 millions de personnes dans le monde souffrent de déficience auditive incapacitante, ce qui équivaut à plus de 5% de la population mondiale. De plus, après 65 ans, environ un tiers des personnes présente une déficience auditive incapacitante. À l’heure actuelle, il n’existe malheureusement aucun traitement capable de ralentir ou d’empêcher la perte de l’audition. L’étude des mécanismes régissant le développement embryonnaire pourrait se révéler déterminante afin d’identifier des nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques susceptibles de préserver voire même de restaurer l’audition chez les personnes sourdes ou malentendantes.Au cours de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés aux rôles du complexe Elongator dans le développement de l’oreille interne murine, et ce d’un point de vue phénotypique, cellulaire et moléculaire. Elongator est un complexe multi-protéique, structurellement et fonctionnellement conservé entre les espèces, et qui contrôle une grande variété d’activités cellulaires. Il a été montré que ce complexe est impliqué dans l’acétylation et la démethylation de plusieurs substrats nucléaires et cytoplasmiques, ainsi que dans la régulation de l’élongation traductionnelle des protéines. Chez l’homme, les sous-unités d’Elongator sont impliquées dans diverses maladies neurodégénératives, ce qui place le complexe au centre d’un intérêt clinique indéniable. Afin d’étudier l’impact d’Elongator dans le développement précoce et tardif de l’oreille interne nous avons invalidé de façon conditionnelle Elp3, la sous-unité catalytique du complexe, très tôt dans la vésicule otique (souris Elp3 cKO). Nous avons démontré que l’absence d’Elp3 dans cet organe entraîne des désordres vestibulaires, ainsi qu’une surdité sévère. Nous avons relevé des anomalies développementales touchant aussi bien les neurones du ganglion spiral que les cellules ciliées cochléaires, les deux acteurs majeurs impliqués dans la fonction auditive. En effet, nous avons constaté des défauts de polarité au sein des cellules ciliées, ainsi qu’une ciliogenèse perturbée, suggérant qu’Elp3 joue un rôle crucial dans ces processus. Parallèlement, nous avons mis en évidence un niveau d’apoptose accru et une perte neuronale massive dans les ganglions cochléaire et vestibulaire des souris Elp3 cKO. Nos résultats suggèrent que les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la mort des neurones otiques impliqueraient potentiellement une augmentation du stress oxydatif et l’accumulation de protéines mal formées, déclenchant une réponse spécifique menant à l’apoptose. Néanmoins, des expériences supplémentaires sont nécessaires afin d’approfondir la caractérisation des évènements moléculaires responsables de la surdité et des pertes d’équilibre chez les souris déficientes pour le complexe Elongator. Plus tardivement au cours du développement cochléaire, nous avons montré qu’Elp3 contribue à l’établissement d’un profil d’innervation adéquat et demeure nécessaire à l’intégrité structurelle et fonctionnelle des neurones du ganglion spiral.En conclusion, nous avons prouvé que le complexe Elongator est impliqué dans le développement embryonnaire des deux organes de l’oreille interne, jouant un rôle décisif dans l’équilibre et la fonction auditive./The inner ear is composed of the vestibular system, responsible for balance, and the cochlea, housing the organ of hearing. Within the cochlea, sensory cells -also known as hair cells- ensure the perception and sound transmission to the auditory neurons -or spiral ganglion neurons-, which constitute the first relay of the auditory pathway. A damage affecting these cells types, hair cells and/or neurons, leads irreversibly to hearing loss. According to the World Health Organisation, approximately 360 millions of people worldwide experience profound hearing impairment, which represents more than 5% of human population. Moreover, one third of people over 65 years old display hearing disability. Unfortunately, at present, there is no treatment able to prevent hearing loss. Therefore, improving our knowledge about the factors involved in the development or the inner ear is instrumental to identify innovative therapeutic strategies to preserve or restore audition.Throughout this work, we focused our attention on the roles of Elongator complex during the development of the mouse inner ear. Elongator is a multiprotein complex whose subunits are structurally and functionally well conserved through evolution, and the complex is involved in a broad range of cellular activities. It has been shown that Elongator is involved in the acetylation and the demethylation of several nuclear and cytoplasmic substrates, as well as in the regulation of protein translation. In humans, mutations in Elongator subunits have been shown to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the potential interest of the complex in clinic.In order to study the impact of Elongator in the early and late development of the inner ear, we conditionally invalidated Elp3, the catalytic subunit of the complex, at a very early stage of the otic vesicle (Elp3 cKO mice). We have shown that the absence of otic Elp3 leads to vestibular disorders as well as deafness. We have also revealed some abnormalities regarding both spiral ganglion neurons and cochlear hair cells, the main players involved in the auditory function. Indeed, we have observed a perturbed ciliogenesis and some polarity defects affecting hair cells, suggesting the Elp3 plays a crucial role in these process. In parallel, we have shown increased apoptosis and massive neuron loss in vestibular and cochlear ganglia of Elp3 cKO mice. Our results point out a role of increased oxidative stress and accumulation of misfolded proteins in triggering neuronal apoptosis. However, further experiments are needed to extend and deepen our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Later in cochlear development, we have shown that Elp3 is essential for a proper innervation pattern and is further required to ensure structural and functional integrity of the spiral ganglion neurons.In conclusion, we demonstrated that Elongator complex is involved in the embryonic development of both parts of the inner ear and that it plays a crucial role in balance and hearing functions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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