1,721,024 research outputs found
Determination of time since death and wound vitality by immunoquantification of protein biomarkers
No full textL’estimation de l’heure du décès et la détermination de la vitalité des blessures représentent deux problématiques majeures en pratique médicolégale. Les méthodes traditionnellement employées, que sont l’évaluation des signes cadavériques pour la datation de la mort, et l’histologie standard pour celle des blessures, souffrent en effet d’un manque considérable de précision. A travers deux travaux de recherche distincts, les performances individuelles et combinées de différents biomarqueurs protéiques candidats ont été étudiées puis comparées à celles des méthodes de référence, dans chacun des domaines de recherche concernés. Une première étude a consisté à doser simultanément, grâce à la technologie Meso Scale Discovery®, un panel de 10 cytokines dans des échantillons de peau, afin d’évaluer leur capacité à discriminer les plaies cutanées vitales des plaies post-mortem. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons exploré par méthode ELISA les modifications de concentration post-mortem de la protéine tau et de sa forme phosphorylée (p-tau) dans le liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR), afin d’évaluer l’informativité de ces biomarqueurs dans le cadre de la détermination du délai post-mortem précoce. Plusieurs cytokines candidates ont montré des performances supérieures à celles de l’histologie standard pour caractériser les plaies cutanées vitales et post-mortem précoces, tandis que la protéine tau pourrait représenter un potentiel biomarqueur de l’heure du décès dans le LCR, en association avec la prise de température corporelle tympanique. Nos travaux suggèrent ainsi que l’intégration d'analyses biochimiques post-mortem à la pratique médico-légale pourrait améliorer la précision de la détermination du délai post-mortem précoce et de la vitalité des blessures cutanées.The estimation of time since death and the determination of wound vitality are two major issues in forensic practice. Indeed, the traditional methods used, which respectively include the assessment of cadaveric signs and standard histology, are far from being precise. Through two research studies, the individual and combined performances of candidate protein biomarkers were investigated and compared with those of the reference methods, in each specific field of research. The first study aimed at simultaneously quantifying 10 cytokines in skin samples using the Meso Scale Discovery® technology, to assess their ability to discriminate between vital and post-mortem wounds. In a second study, we explored the post-mortem changes of tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by ELISA, to determine whether these proteins could be relevant biomarkers of the early post-mortem interval (PMI). Several candidate cytokines showed higher ability to characterize vital and early post-mortem wounds compared with standard histology, while tau protein could represent a potential CSF biomarker of the time since death, in association with tympanic body temperature. Our research suggests that integrating data from post-mortem biochemistry in forensic practice could result in a more precise determination of the early PMI and of skin wound vitality
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Clinical reporting following the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: An international overview
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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