1,721,394 research outputs found
Hough Transform Proposal and Simulations for Particle Track Recognition for LHC Phase-II Upgrade
Full text linkIn the near future, LHC experiments will continue future upgrades by overcoming the technological obsolescence of the detectors and the readout capabilities. Therefore, after the conclusion of a data collection period, CERN will have to face a long shutdown to improve overall performance, by updating the experiments, and implementing more advanced technologies and infrastructures. In particular, the largest LHC experiment, i.e., ATLAS, will upgrade parts of the detector, the trigger, and the data acquisition system. In addition, the ATLAS experiment will complete the implementation of new strategies, algorithms for data handling, and transmission to the final storage apparatus. This paper presents an overview of an upgrade planned for the second half of this decade for the ATLAS experiment. In particular, we show a study of a novel pattern recognition algorithm used in the trigger system, which is a device designed to provide the information needed to select physical events from unnecessary background data. The idea is to use a well known mathematical transform, the Hough transform, as the algorithm for the detection of particle trajectories. The effectiveness of the algorithm has already been validated in the past, regardless of particle physics applications, to recognize generic shapes within images. On the contrary, here, we first propose a software emulation tool, and a subsequent hardware implementation of the Hough transform, for particle physics applications. Until now, the Hough transform has never been implemented on electronics in particle physics experiments, and since a hardware implementation would provide benefits in terms of overall Latency, we complete the studies by comparing the simulated data with a physical system implemented on a Xilinx hardware accelerator (FELIX-II card). In more detail, we have implemented a low-abstraction RTL design of the Hough transform on Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs as target devices for filtering applications
I sartani nel trattamento delle malattie cardiovascolari: aspetti clinici e farmacoeconomici dell'impiego di candesartan.
No full textAspetti clinici di impiego del candesartan e rassegna della letteratura internazionale
Hough Transform FPGA solution for High Energy Physics online fast tracking
Full text linkIn the coming years, significant upgrades are planned for ATLAS and other High Energy
Physics experiments at CERN. Both the technologies and methodologies employed will undergo changes for the scheduled runs at the end of the decade. The LHC accelerator itself will also undergo multiple modifications, allowing it to achieve a peak of instantaneous luminosity up to 5–7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1. These enhancements will necessitate the experiments to handle a greater number of events at the conclusion of the data acquisition chain. For instance, ATLAS will be compelled to employ online tracking for its inner detector, aiming to achieve a final event rate of 10 kHz from the 1MHz originating from the Calorimeters and the Muon Spectrometer trigger discrimination.
Among the architectures explored to expedite fast tracking, there is consideration of a “hardware accelerator” farm, an infrastructure made of interconnected accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs, designed to accelerate the tracking processes. The project presented here proposes a tuned Hough Transform algorithm implementation on high-end FPGA technology, specifically designed to adapt to various tracking situations. A development platform comprising software and firmware tools has been created to study different datasets. This platform utilizes software to simulate the firmware and to perform hardware tests. AMD-Xilinx FPGAs were chosen to implement and asses the system, with specific boards such as the VC709, the VCU1525 and the Alveo U250. Strategies such as low-level design for the firmware architecture, leveraging the card’s features like PCI Express data transfer, and the > 1 million gates array available have been exploited. The system underwent testing using internally simulated events generated within the ATLAS environment. Simulated 200 pile up events were used to evaluate the algorithm effectiveness. The average processing time was estimated to be below 5 μs, with the capability to concurrently process two events per algorithm instance. Internal efficiency tests have shown conditions where track finding performance for single muon tracking exceeded 95%
Evolving concept of cardioprotection in myocardial infarction: from SMILE-1 to SMILE-5.
Full text linkThe renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a central regulator of cardiovascular (CV) and renal function and plays a key role in the pathophysiology of various CV and renal diseases. Clinical data has demonstrated that ACE inhibitors are very effective at reducing blood pressure in a large proportion of patients with hypertension (HBP), when given alone or in combination. ACE inhibitors improve the clinical prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and AMI, particularly when complicated by overt left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, although their efficacy maybe limited in postmyocardial patients with preserved LV function. Among the different ACE inhibitors, the efficacy of zofenopril has been proven in a wide population of patient and in the different studies. The SMILE project was a large clinical programme aimed at investigating the efficacy of zofenopril for the treatment of patients with AMs with HBP and coronary heart disease, in particular AMI
n-3 Polynsatured fatty acids and the patient at high cardiovascular risk with co-morbidities: a pleiotropic drug.
No full textPolynsatured fatty acids (PUFAs) are organic acids, essential for mammals, whose deficiency is associated with different disesaes. On the basis of currently available evidence, the American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended that all adults eat fish at least twice a week, as well as vegetables containing plant-derived n-3 fatty acids. The AHA also suggests that patients with documentated coronary heart disease consume approximately 1 g of iecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day, from oily fish or fish oil capsules. However, recent evidence broadens their potential application to many other health disorders directly or indirectictly associated with cardiovascular disesase risk such as rheumatological diseases, mood depression, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammtory lung diseases and others. These effects seem to be largely dependent on the dosages employed and on the characteristics of the selected patients. The cardiometabolic effects of PUFAs have been largely reviewed elsewhere, so the aim of our review is to point out the potential usefulness of such drugs with pleiotropic effects in the management of the actual typical aging patient, with co-morbidities and multidrug therapies
Sul paratesto nel libro manoscritto (con qualche riflessione sui ‘titoli’ in età antica)
No full textIl saggio è dedicato all'analisi del paratesto nel libro manoscritto e si articola in due parti: nella prima si tenta di adattare le categorie del paravento, tipiche del libro a stampa, al libro manoscritto e di definire una metodologia di analisi; nella seconda si applica questa metodologia allo studio dei cosiddetti 'titoli' nel libro antico
An interactive clustering procedure for selection of high dimension patterns
No full textPatient data collection is a routine procedure in many hospitals and clinical departments, typically demographics, administrative and clinical data; these data are characterized by different precision and accuracy, with mixed format which includes quantitative, qualitative and structured representation. This paper presents a system to allow an easy and reliable classification of mixed data as collected in a cardiology department. The method is based an the following steps: mixed data are mapped in a non Euclidean space according to the generalized Minkowski metric; a cost function is used to weight the transformed data and to compensate far their unequal precision; a clustering approach allows the finding of the number of clusters of a given data set; a cluster interpretation is obtained by graphic representation of results through a reduction of features by means of Principal Component Analysis. The system is user oriented, that means the user is free to select art automated procedure on. all the patients or to choose a subset of patients and/or features to drive the system at each step. The system is under evaluation by using a 7000 patients database, characterized by 126 mixed features
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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