1,721,073 research outputs found
Smart cities: Is it just a fad?
Get PDFThis editorial frames the contents of this special issue within the broad context of the smart city literature. In particular, the editorial first argues for the novelty of the smart city concept with respect to previous planning notions. The smart city literature has provided much insight into present-day urban management issues. In this sense, this special issues presents new insights into the following topics: (i) The smart city literature is characterized by remarkable heterogeneity in terms of geographical and disciplinary approaches; (ii) Relevant attention is being paid to the impact of smart city policies; (iii) New findings are presented for the relevance of benchmarking exercises and a first quantitative impact measurement is discussed; (iv) Beyond the new results presented in the Special Issue, ample space is dedicated to the discussion of future challenges for this literature, for both academics and policymakers
Smart cities and urban inequality
Get PDFSmart City technologies are criticized as they might exacerbate income inequalities. Four factors are suggested for explaining this phenomenon: the uneven diffusion of ICTs, these technologies cannot be afforded by low-income citizens, Smart Cities could further human capital divides, and the involvement of private actors in the implementation of projects.
These critiques are not based on empirical verification. We test whether smart urban characteristics are associated with increases in urban income inequalities, using data on urban smartness and urban income inequality for106 European cities. Results show that Smart Cities are associated with lower levels of urban income inequality
Il Teatro del Mondo e la città analoga di Aldo Rossi
No full textI temi che caratterizzano la teoria sulla città di Aldo Rossi e che ne informano tutta la sua produzione architettonica sia teorica, sia progettuale sono legati a pensieri attorno a una riflessione metodologica delle questioni disciplinari che attraversano in modo predominante molte delle teorie del secondo novecento. Questi riportano al centro del dibattito il tema della storia, della memoria, dell’identità e del fare progressivo dell’architettura a partire dall’osservazione logica della realtà che la genera.
Dell’intuizione della città analoga, che attraverserà in modo più o meno predominante tutta la sua produzione architettonica, si sono delineati alcuni tratti fondanti, illustrati tramite una ristretta selezione di opere.
Rossi traccia i contorni e in un certo qual modo una presa di coscienza della concezione di città analoga nella descrizione della omonima tavola - opera collettiva ideata assieme a F. Reinhart, B. Rechlin E. Consolascio - realizzata per la Biennale di Venezia del 1976, «La definizione di città analoga è nata nella rilettura del mio libro L’architettura della città. Nella prefazione alla seconda edizione, scritta alcuni anni dopo, mi sembrava che descrizione e conoscenza dovevano dar luogo a uno stadio ulteriore; la capacità dell’immaginazione che nasceva dal concreto. In questo senso accentuavo il quadro del Canaletto dove, attraverso uno straordinario collage, si costruisce una Venezia immaginaria impiantata su quella vera. E la costruzione avviene mediante progetti e cose, inventate o reali, citate e messe insieme, proponendo un’alternativa al reale. A mio giudizio questo quadro ha un significato storico-politico importante; ed è un significato progressivo.» (“Lotus International”, n. 13, 1976, p. 6). L’architettura della città esistente, ma e soprattutto quella immaginata, viene quindi vista come fattore propulsivo in quanto espressione collettiva di una comunità che in essa vi si riconosce e si modifica.
Dai primi studi in cui il rapporto tipo e morfologia (progetto per il quartiere di San Rocco a Monza, insediamento del Galaratese) definiscono una precisa città dei vivi, alla città dei morti (Cimitero di Modena) in cui fissità e reiterazione ne astraggono il significato, per finire con le realizzazioni berlinesi in cui l’isolato diventa il termine di paragone e palinsesto della complessità urbana.
Il Teatro del Mondo, nel suo apparire e viaggiare per il mondo - Venezia, Dubrovnik e Genova - nonché scomparire, proprio perché architettura effimera, è forse l’emblema ed evidenza formale della ricerca di Rossi nel pensare, disegnare e progettare architetture per uno e nessun luogo, per quel tempo e per tutti i tempi. Il procedimento analogico diventa quindi evidente con il TdM e reso esplicito in quanto pensiero costruito. Nel suo errare o vagabondare, riesce sempre a instaurare nei luoghi in cui si ferma uno stretto legame con essi e a dare vita a inediti paesaggi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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