6,891 research outputs found
Payments for Watershed Services: An Application to Irrigation Pricing in the El Angel Watershed, Carchi, Ecuador
No full textWater scarcity is increasingly viewed as the principal constraint limiting agricultural production and human livelihood improvement in the rural areas of many developing countries. Policies that encourage more efficient and equitable water use - including the introduction of incentive-based water pricing systems - are an important challenge. This paper reports the results of a mathematical programming model which was constructed for the El Angel watershed in northern Ecuador with the goal of exploring the effects of several water pricing alternatives. The model incorporates farmers' crop and pasture planting and resource allocation decisions, based on maximizing regional gross margin subject to land, water, labor, seasonal, food security and other constraints. Four water pricing scenarios are examined. The results show that adequate water resources currently exist to permit a reallocation of water within the watershed, which would generate higher regional production and incomes. Several water pricing alternatives are explored which would discipline water use in those parts of the watershed where water is currently overused and unregulated. Incomes could be significantly increased in currently waterscarce parts of the watershed while generating only small reductions in production and incomes in water-abundant zones. While tradeoffs exist among economic, environmental and employment goals, significant net gains are achievable. If a differentiated system of water prices is considered to be unrealistic, a system of single seasonal prices would likely generate reduced, though significant, benefits. Introducing a system of comprehensive water charges would likely create similar benefits in other developing country watersheds facing similar resource constraints.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
The modernist angel: Art at the Limits of the Human in D. H. Lawrence, H. D. and Mina Loy
No full textPhDThe subject of this thesis is a figure that might provisionally be called the *modemist
angel'. Focusing on modernist literature, and more particularly on the work of D. H.
Lawrence, H. D. and Mina Loy, it aims to isolate from the many angels found in all periods
and all types of art a historically specific and intellectually coherent paradigm: an angel of
and for its modernist times. A figure of precisely this type could be said to exist in the
form of Walter Benjamin's 'angel of history'. Critics who address the question of the
modern angel in texts by Franz Kafka and Rainer Maria Rilke often do so in conjunction
with the problem posed by the angel of history. Beginning with a chapter on Benjamin,
this thesis nevertheless follows a different trajectory. Over five chapters, it explores a
modernist landscape formed not only by Lawrence, H. D. and Loy, but also by European
and American writers such as A. R. Orage, Allen Upward, Ezra Pound, Wallace Stevens,
Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche. Although the
angel that emerges from this investigation might, in some respects, be said to anticipate
Benjamin's later version, this figure is also very different, standing for a project that is
distinctively, and recognisably, modernist in nature. He/she (the sex of the modernist
angel is often open to question) represents an attempt to reconcile the divine
responsibilities of the artist with the material and gendered conditions of being,
specifically of being human, in the modem world. This thesis looks again at the clash of
intellectual paradigms in the early-twentieth century - notably, the confrontation of the
Romantic view of art as a superhuman or sacred undertaking with the psychoanalytical or
evolutionary idea that all human endeavour is underpinned by sub-human motives - and
suggests the angel as a new and instructive figure through which to think the perilous
limits between the human and the divine in modernist literature
ACHIEVING EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY IN IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT: AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF THE EL ANGEL WATERSHED, CARCHI, ECUADOR
No full textThe objective of this paper is to address the problems of inefficiency and inequity in water allocation in the El Angel watershed, located in Ecuador's Sierra region. Water is captured in a high-altitude region of the watershed and distributed downstream to producers in four elevation-defined zones via a system of canals. Upstream and downstream producers face radically different conditions with respect to climate and terrain. A mathematical programming model was created to study the consequences of addressing chronic water scarcity problems in the watershed by shifting water resources between the four zones. The model captures the nature of water use by humans, crops and dual purpose cattle. Its objective function maximizes producer welfare as measured by aggregate gross margin, subject to limited supplies of land, labor and water. Five water allocation scenarios are evaluated with respect to efficiency in land and water use and equity in income distribution. Results reveal that although water is the primary constrained resource downstream, in the upstream zones, land is far more scarce. The current distribution of water rights does not consider these differences and therefore is neither efficient nor equitable. Improvements in efficiency (resource use) and equity (income distribution) are associated with (1) a shift of water to the lower zone, and (2) the use of lower levels of irrigation intensity upstream. Furthermore, the scenarios that result in the most efficient use of resources also bring the greatest degree of equity in income distribution, indicating that these may be complementary, not conflicting, goals.Mathematical programming, water allocation, efficiency, equity, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
OLMOS, Angel G.
No full textLetter from Angel C. Olmos to Miguel Olmos in which he informs about the actions of the Governor Zuno against religion and the business crisis in the region. / Carta de Angel C. Olmos a Miguel Olmos en la que informa de las acciones del Gobernador Zuno en contra de la religión y la crisis de los negocios en la región
Bibliografía
No full textHistoria del pensamiento científico, de F. Enriques y G. De Santillana/José Babini.-- Civilización incaica, de Antonio Sagarna/Angel Caballero Martín.-- Ensayo sobre la estructura lógico-genética de las ciencias físicas, de Juan David García Baca/José Babini.-- Publicaciones del Instituto Social. Libros y folletos nacionales y extranjeros. Revistas nacionales y extranjeras
Microencapsulación del extracto de betanina del beta vulgaris por atomización y evaluación de sus propiedades funcionales como colorante natural
No full textEl presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la microencapsulación del extracto de betanina del Beta vulgaris por atomización en sus propiedades funcionales para su uso como colorante natural, para lo cual se obtuvo el extracto de betalaínas de la betarraga por medio acuoso en una relación 1:2, este se concentró hasta los 19,5º Brix, luego se microencapsuló con maltodextrina (10 dextrosa equivalente) a concentraciones (10%, 15% y 20%) mediante un secado por atomización con el Mini Spray Dryer B-290 a diferentes temperaturas de entrada de aire (130 °C, 140 °C y 150 °C), en el producto atomizado se caracterizó su propiedades funcionales y fisicoquímicas; con respecto a la higroscopicidad (%), solubilidad (%) e índice de insolubilidad (%), no se encontró diferencia significativa (p > 0,05) entre los tratamientos, en cuanto a la humedad (%), densidad (g/cm3), dispersabilidad (%), tiempo de humedecimiento (min.), rendimiento (%), acidez (%), solidos solubles (%), intensidad del color, betaninas (mg/100 g de polvo) y betaxantinas (mg/100 g de polvo), se encontró diferencia estadística significativa (p < 0,05) por efecto de la interacción de la temperatura del aire de entrada y la concentración del agente encapsulante muchos de estos valores se encuentran dentro de lo establecido para los polvos atomizados, El más alto contenido de betaninas (292,039 y 279,73 mg /100 g) se obtuvo a 130ºC y 140°C con 10 % de maltodextrina el mismo que lo hace viable como un colorante natural.Tesi
Temperatura de secado y concentración de carragenina en las caracteristicas físicas y antocianinas del extracto atomizado del mastuerzo (tropaeolum majus)
No full textEl presente trabajo de investigación permitió evaluar el efecto de la temperatura de secado y la concentración de carragenina en las características físicas y antocianinas del extracto atomizado del mastuerzo Tropaeolum majus, para lo cual se extrajo antocianinas de los pétalos secos del mastuerzo usando para su extracción etanos acidificado al 1%, el extracto se purificó con PVPP y se concentró; luego se acondiciono con 1%, 2% y 3% de carragenina como agente encapsulante para secarlos por atomización a 150ºC, 160ºC y 170ºC en los polvos atomizados no encontró diferencia estadística (p>0,05) para el % de higroscopicidad, % de solubilidad, % de índice de insolubilidad, % dispersabilidad y tiempo de humedecimiento (seg.); en cuanto al % de rendimiento, % de humedad y antocianinas monoméricas (mg/100 g. de polvo) se evidencia diferencia estadística (p<0,05) en los distintos tratamientos. De lo evaluado se ha establecido que el mejor tratamiento para atomizar el extracto de antocianinas de los pétalos de mastuerzo es el tratamiento a 160ºC de temperatura de secado y 1% de carragenina (T4) teniendo 12,12% de higroscopicidad, 98,22% solubilidad, 0,385 g/cm3 de densidad aparente, 3,335% de índice de insolubilidad, 87,025% de dispersabilidad, 5,5 seg. de tiempo de humedecimiento, 44,314% de rendimiento, 10,215% de humedad y 432,33 mg de antocianinas monoméricas/100 g. de polvo atomizado.Tesi
GAXIOLA Jr., Angel (Lt. Col.)
No full textCorrespondence of Ltc. Col. Angel Gaxiola Jr., Chief of the Presidential Guard, Mr. Fernando Torreblanca, and Gen. Alvaro Obregón concerning the notification of the message from Gen. Obregón to Mr. President; recommendation from Gen. Obregón in favor of Ltc. Col Angel Gaxiola Jr. and Mrs. Indalecia J. de Puig; congratulations to Gen. Obregón on his election victory. Transcription of the message from Francisco Villa to the President of the Republic in which he thanks for attention to and implementation of agricultural measures. Arrival of the Mexican Army Band . Transcription of the message from Gen. José Siurob of Querétaro to the President of the Republic and transcription of the messages from Coblenz to the President of the Republic about Mr. Elías Torres. Files G-17 and G-08 / Correspondencia entre el Tte.Corl. Angel Gaxiola Jr., Jefe del Estado Mayor Presidencial, el Sr. Fernando Torreblanca y el Gral. Alvaro Obregón, relativa a notificación del mensaje del Gral. Obregón al Sr. Presidente; recomendación del Gral. Obregón al Tte.Corl. Angel Gaxiola Jr. de la Sra. Indalecia J. Vda. de Puig; felicitación al Gral. Obregón por el triunfo electoral. Transcripción del mensaje de Francisco Villa al Presidente de la República, agradeciendo atenciones e implementos de agricultura. Llegada de la banda del Estado Mayor. Transcripción del mensaje del Gral. José Siurob de Querétaro al Presidente de la República y transcripción del mensaje de Coblenz al Presidente de la República sobre el Sr. Elías Torres. Exps. G-17 y G-0
Santidad imperial. Empresas de canonización, agentes mediadores y limosnas en la Monarquía Católica, 1599-1622
No full textEste articulo analiza los origenes coloniales de las limosnas para la canonizacion de Isidro Labrador de Madrid. En particular, examina el papel que jugaron las élites de Hispanoamerica en la recolección de estas donaciones entre 1600 y 1622. Se argumenta que la colaboracion de diversos agentes mediadores para el intercambio de limosnas a traves del Atlantico hispanico, aunque pasada por alto por la historiografia, jugó un papel crucial en el exito de varias canonizaciones espanolas en la Roma barroca
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