1,721,268 research outputs found
Belgique : un renouveau fragile
No full textDefourny Jacques. Belgique : un renouveau fragile. In: Autogestions, NS N°22, 1985. Les coopératives dans la crise. pp. 53-59
Un siglo de historia cooperativa en las estadísticas de la alianza cooperativa internacional
Get PDFFil: Mignot, Delphine.Fil: Leclerc, André.Fil: Defourny, Jacques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Designing institutions for collective energy action: the roles of renewable energy cooperatives in a polycentric low-carbon transition
No full textThe process of climate change mitigation and the transition toward low-carbon energy systems associated with it are probably the greatest collective action problems humankind has ever confronted. According to the conventional theory of collective action, rational agents pursuing their own interest will not participate in collective efforts because they have incentives to free-ride on the constructive behavior of others. More recently, various authors have argued that complex collective action problems faced by large groups, such as climate change mitigation, are often decomposable into social dilemmas at a smaller scale, some of which are more easily surmountable given pre-existing social norms and trust networks. Accordingly, community-based energy (CBE) projects have been perceived as ideal institutional models to foster pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors. However, the analytical scrutiny of CBE projects is scarce. The main purpose of this dissertation is thus to assess the potential roles CBE projects may play in a low-carbon transition, focusing on the case of renewable energy (RE) cooperatives.
First, the thesis examines how cooperative membership relates to three outcomes of interest: financial investments in cooperatives, attitudes toward RE and wind energy technologies, and electricity consumption behaviors, based on quantitative empirical evidence from Flanders. Regarding financial investments in the organizations, the results show that several categories of members with different motives and levels of engagement can be distinguished. This heterogeneity is explained by contrasts in terms of institutional settings, spatial patterns and attitudes to the diffusion of institutional innovations. In addition, social identification to the cooperative and a dense social network structure have a significant positive effect on financial contributions. Regarding attitudes toward renewable energy technologies and onshore wind energy in particular, our results suggest that the main difference between members and non-members is that the latter are not more opposed to wind energy than the former, but are actually more indifferent. Significant differences among cooperative members are also highlighted, illustrating their heterogeneity. As for energy consumption practices, it is shown that electricity consumption is positively related with cooperative membership, suggesting that high use consumers have greater incentives to join a community-based organization which provides assistance and advice on the adoption of green technologies and energy efficiency measures. Second, the thesis seeks to analyze how the direct institutional and physical contexts influence cooperative members’ decisions and behaviors. The distinction between ‘mutual’ and ‘public’ benefit organizations and the spatial patterns of the projects developed by cooperatives are emphasized. The findings reveal that an orientation toward mutual benefit is associated with lower social identification to the cooperative and weaker ties between members as compared to an orientation toward public benefit. Spatial patterns also play a significant role. Indeed, members who are more spatially concentrated have more social interactions with fellow members, identify more strongly to their cooperative and are more pro-environmentally oriented.
Third, the research connects these empirical findings at the local level with perspectives at higher levels in order to shed some light on the conditions of emergence of RE cooperatives. A qualitative comparison between Belgium, the UK, Germany and Denmark emphasizes the contextual factors that facilitate or hinder the creation and development of RE cooperatives at the national level. The comparison highlights a double-edged phenomenon: prevailing and growing hostility towards cooperatives, on the one hand, and, on the other, strategic reactions to this evolution. What comes out indeed is that, throughout most of these countries, the emergence of some coordinated inter-organizational actions among cooperatives enables them to survive in their critical environment
Autogestion des travailleurs et performance économique Une analyse empirique des SCOP françaises
Get PDFLa crise économique de 2008 a fait ressortir les lacunes de notre système économique actuel basé sur l’hégémonie du capital et de l’actionnaire. Ce mémoire a pour objectif d’analyser la crédibilité de la coopérative de production comme modèle d’entreprise incarnant des modes de fonctionnement non-capitalistes, et en particulier, l’impact de la participation des travailleurs sur la performance économique de l’entreprise. En premier lieu, nous replaçons notre sujet dans son contexte en retraçant brièvement l’historique des mouvements coopératif et autogestionnaire. Ensuite, nous analysons le comportement des entreprises autogérées à l’aide des prédictions de la théorie économique. Finalement, nous menons notre propre étude de la performance économique de la participation des travailleurs en nous appuyant dans un premier temps sur les précédentes études théoriques et empiriques. Dans un second temps, nous réalisons notre propre étude à partir de données fournies par la Confédération Générale des Scop pour les années 2006, 2009 et 2012, pour plus de 1500 Sociétés Coopératives et Participatives françaises. Notre méthodologie principale consiste en la construction et en l’estimation d’une fonction de production « augmentée » de variables qui appréhendent les différentes formes de participation. Notre démarche nous permet de démontrer de manière non équivoque que la participation aux bénéfices et à la propriété des travailleurs sont deux mécanismes qui influencent significativement et positivement la performance de l’entreprise, principalement via l’effort additionnel que la main d’oeuvre fournit dans l’espoir de recevoir une rémunération supplémentaire.The 2008 economic crisis has highlighted the shortcomings of our current economic system based on the supremacy of capital and shareholder. This thesis aims at analyzing the credibility of the worker cooperative as a company model that embodies non-capitalist methods, and in particular, the impact of employee participation on the company’s economic performance. First, we set the context of our subject by briefly tracing back the history of the cooperative and the self-management movements. Then, we analyze the behavior of self-managed companies thanks to the predictions of economic theory. Finally, we conduct our own study of the economic performance of worker participation by relying, in a first step, on previous theoretical and empirical studies. In a second step, we realize our own study with data provided by the Confédération Générale des Scop for the years 2006, 2009 and 2012, for more than 1,500 French Sociétés Coopératives et Participatives. Our main methodology
consists in constructing and in estimating a production function "augmented" by variables that capture the different forms of participation. Our approach allows us to demonstrate unequivocally that profit and ownership worker participations are two mechanisms that significantly and positively influence the company’s performance, mainly through the additional effort that labor supplies hoping to receive extra income
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