1,720,955 research outputs found
Caractérisation fonctionnelle du complexe RQC dans le contrôle qualité de la traduction et le maintien de l'homéostasie des protéines
Full text linkGene expression in eukaryotes requires quality control mechanisms that preserve the integrity of the transcriptome and the proteome by detecting and eliminating defective RNAs and peptides. These processes are essential to prevent the accumulation of deficient proteins that are prone to aggregation, which can cause a cellular toxicity and pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. In the cytosol, translation of aberrant mRNAs may lead to ribosome stalling, which triggers the recruitment of quality control factors that enable the dissociation of stalled ribosomes and the degradation of these aberrant transcripts. However, since the polypeptides synthesized from these mRNAs are generally deficient, they must also be degraded. During my thesis, I discovered the existence of the RQC complex, composed of Rqc1, Rqc2, Ltn1 and Cdc48, that bind stalled 60S subunits to detect and eliminate aberrant nascent peptides. Whereas Ltn1 ensures their polyubiquitylation, Rqc2 enables the addition of C-terminal alanine-threonine tails (CAT tails), and Cdc48 extracts these peptides so that the RQC complex can escort them to the proteasome for their degradation. A study of Rqc1 revealed that this factor is essential for Cdc48 recruitment and to prevent the aggregation of aberrant proteins. This aggregation phenomenon is essential to trigger the Hsf1 response in case of stress. Finally, we discovered that multiple quality control pathways participate in the elimination of aberrant protein aggregates when Rqc1 is depleted. This set of quality control mechanisms ensures an efficient cellular response in case of translational stress in order to maintain protein homeostasis.Chez les eucaryotes, la régulation de l'expression des gènes fait intervenir des mécanismes de contrôle qualité qui préservent l'intégrité des ARN et des protéines par la détection et l'élimination des produits défectueux. Ces processus sont essentiels pour limiter l'accumulation de protéines déficientes qui ont tendance à former des agrégats qui peuvent entraîner une toxicité cellulaire et des pathologies telles que des maladies neurodégénératives. La traduction de certains ARNm aberrants conduit à un blocage des ribosomes, ce qui déclenche le recrutement de facteurs de contrôle qualité permettant la dissociation des ribosomes bloqués et la dégradation de ces ARNm et des peptides aberrants correspondants. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai découvert l'existence du complexe RQC, composé de Rqc1, Rqc2, Ltn1 et Cdc48, qui se lie aux sous-unités 60S bloquées afin de reconnaître les peptides naissants aberrants. Alors que Ltn1 assure leur polyubiquitinylation, Rqc2 permet l'ajout d'alanines-thréonines à leur extrémité C-terminale (CAT tails), et Cdc48 extrait ces peptides de manière à ce qu'ils soient escortés au protéasome pour être dégradés. Rqc1 est essentiel à la fois pour le recrutement de Cdc48 et pour la prévention de l'agrégation des peptides aberrants. Ce phénomène d'agrégation permet notamment de déclencher la réponse Hsf1 en cas de stress. Enfin, nous avons découvert que de multiples voies de contrôle qualité participent à l'élimination des agrégats de protéines aberrantes lorsque Rqc1 est déplété. L'ensemble de ces mécanismes de contrôle qualité permet aux cellules de répondre efficacement à un stress traductionnel afin de maintenir l'homéostasie des protéines
Functional characterization of the RQC complex involved in translational quality control and in the maintenance of protein homeostasis
No full textChez les eucaryotes, la régulation de l'expression des gènes fait intervenir des mécanismes de contrôle qualité qui préservent l'intégrité des ARN et des protéines par la détection et l'élimination des produits défectueux. Ces processus sont essentiels pour limiter l'accumulation de protéines déficientes qui ont tendance à former des agrégats qui peuvent entraîner une toxicité cellulaire et des pathologies telles que des maladies neurodégénératives. La traduction de certains ARNm aberrants conduit à un blocage des ribosomes, ce qui déclenche le recrutement de facteurs de contrôle qualité permettant la dissociation des ribosomes bloqués et la dégradation de ces ARNm et des peptides aberrants correspondants. Au cours de ma thèse, j'ai découvert l'existence du complexe RQC, composé de Rqc1, Rqc2, Ltn1 et Cdc48, qui se lie aux sous-unités 60S bloquées afin de reconnaître les peptides naissants aberrants. Alors que Ltn1 assure leur polyubiquitinylation, Rqc2 permet l'ajout d'alanines-thréonines à leur extrémité C-terminale (CAT tails), et Cdc48 extrait ces peptides de manière à ce qu'ils soient escortés au protéasome pour être dégradés. Rqc1 est essentiel à la fois pour le recrutement de Cdc48 et pour la prévention de l'agrégation des peptides aberrants. Ce phénomène d'agrégation permet notamment de déclencher la réponse Hsf1 en cas de stress. Enfin, nous avons découvert que de multiples voies de contrôle qualité participent à l'élimination des agrégats de protéines aberrantes lorsque Rqc1 est déplété. L'ensemble de ces mécanismes de contrôle qualité permet aux cellules de répondre efficacement à un stress traductionnel afin de maintenir l'homéostasie des protéines.Gene expression in eukaryotes requires quality control mechanisms that preserve the integrity of the transcriptome and the proteome by detecting and eliminating defective RNAs and peptides. These processes are essential to prevent the accumulation of deficient proteins that are prone to aggregation, which can cause a cellular toxicity and pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. In the cytosol, translation of aberrant mRNAs may lead to ribosome stalling, which triggers the recruitment of quality control factors that enable the dissociation of stalled ribosomes and the degradation of these aberrant transcripts. However, since the polypeptides synthesized from these mRNAs are generally deficient, they must also be degraded. During my thesis, I discovered the existence of the RQC complex, composed of Rqc1, Rqc2, Ltn1 and Cdc48, that bind stalled 60S subunits to detect and eliminate aberrant nascent peptides. Whereas Ltn1 ensures their polyubiquitylation, Rqc2 enables the addition of C-terminal alanine-threonine tails (CAT tails), and Cdc48 extracts these peptides so that the RQC complex can escort them to the proteasome for their degradation. A study of Rqc1 revealed that this factor is essential for Cdc48 recruitment and to prevent the aggregation of aberrant proteins. This aggregation phenomenon is essential to trigger the Hsf1 response in case of stress. Finally, we discovered that multiple quality control pathways participate in the elimination of aberrant protein aggregates when Rqc1 is depleted. This set of quality control mechanisms ensures an efficient cellular response in case of translational stress in order to maintain protein homeostasis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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