1,721,085 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Diffusion tensor imaging in multiple system atrophy
No full textLa maladie de Parkinson et l’atrophie multisystématisée ont ceci de particulier que le diagnostic de certitude ne peut être obtenu du vivant du patient. L’un des enjeux actuels est d’approcher au plus prêt le diagnostic clinique réel du patient, pré requis indispensable à l’étude de l’histoire naturelle de la maladie, à une analyse fiable des données épidémiologiques de la maladie, à la bonne pratique des études de recherche pharmaceutique, à l’évaluation clinique des thérapeutiques innovantes. S’il est relativement aisé de poser le diagnostic de maladie de Parkinson à un stade avancé, il est en revanche beaucoup plus délicat de l’établir au stade initial de l’affection. C’est avec l’AMS que le diagnostic différentiel initial est le plus difficile. Actuellement les séquences morphologiques d’IRM représentent une aide incontestable, mais les anomalies observées sont souvent inconstantes et apparaissent à un stade tardif. La première partie du travail visait à étudier de manière simultanée et complémentaire la macro et la microstructure cérébrale dans les deux pathologies en utilisant de manière combinée les techniques de morphométrie voxel à voxel (VBM) et d’imagerie du tenseur de diffusion appliqué à l’ensemble du cerveau (VB-DTI). Cette étude confirme les données classiques d’atrophie putaminale dans l’AMS-P et d’augmentation de la diffusivité putaminale ; nous avons de surcroît mis en évidence une diminution de densité de substance grise dans le circuit moteur (cortex moteur primaire CMP gauche versus MP et aire motrice supplémentaire versus témoins) et une diminution de la fraction d’anisotropie dans le CMP gauche versus témoins. Il existait donc des anomalies macro et microstructurelles dans le circuit moteur des patients AMS-P en révélant la destruction tissulaire dans le circuit moteur - indépendamment de la perte de volume détecté par VBM et en accord avec les données anatomopathologiques et les caractéristiques cliniques motrices.La deuxième partie du travail consistait à étudier la connectivité cérébrale et les modifications des connexions cortico-putaminales à l’aide de la tractographie probabiliste. Nous avons étudié les modifications volumiques et les modifications microstructurales putaminales et tenté de dégager des profils utiles au diagnostic différentiel. Des séquences T1 haute résolution volumique et en tenseur de diffusion ont été acquises. Le putamen était segmenté de manière manuelle, le cortex de manière automatique à l’aide du logiciel free surfer. Nous avons calculé la probabilité de connectivité entre le putamen et les régions corticales ipsilatérales motrice, associative et limbique. Les volumes putaminaux, surfaces corticales, paramètres de diffusion (diffusivité moyenne et fraction d’anisotropie) ont été étudiés et comparés entre les groupes. Nous avons mis en évidence pour la première fois une altération des projections putamino-corticales motrices dans l’AMS-P en bonne concordance avec l’atteinte du putamen moteur dorsolatéral et l’atteinte corticale motrice et prémotrice dans la maladie. L’analyse multivariée permettait de discriminer AMS-P d’AMS-C (forme cérébelleuse de l’AMS), de MP et de témoins avec une sensibilité de plus de 75%. La troisième et dernière partie consistait à étudier les profils cognitifs dans les deux pathologies et les corrélations anatomo-cognitives à l’aide de la VBM et de la VB-DTI. La pertinence de l’évaluation cognitive classiquement effectuée dans le diagnostic différentiel maladie de Parkinson et atrophie multisystématisée est quasi nulle. De plus, les principales corrélations imagerie-cognition sont en bonne concordance avec les données de la littérature. L’implication du système moteur dans l’AMS sur le versant moteur semble se confirmer sur le plan cognitif. A notre connaissance aucune étude de corrélation imagerie-cognition en imagerie de diffusion dans la maladie de Parkinson ou l’atrophie multisystématisée n’a été publiée.A definite diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) can only be confirmed neuropathologically. The clinical differentiation of the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) from PD is challenging, especially during the early stages of the disease. Early differentiation of these diseases is particularly important because the disorders differ in terms of progression, prognosis, and treatment responses. The aim of the first part of the study was to evaluate in vivo changes in the brain’s macro- and microstructure in MSA-P and in PD and to characterize the cerebral anatomical differences between the two conditions. We used a combination of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and whole-brain, voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging analysis (VB-DTI). In MSA-P patients, VBM analysis revealed a lower density of grey matter (GM) in a motor related circuit (especially in the left primary motor cortex, PMC), relative to PD patients, and in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), relative to controls). Diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the left PMC and the right cerebellum in MSA-P patients, compared with controls. Using a volumetric diffusion technique, our study revealed selective tissue degeneration in motor circuits, regardless of the volume loss detected in VBM and in agreement with pathology reports and clinical motor characteristics. Our findings suggest that MSA-P is characterized by both macro- and microstructural changes in the sensorimotor circuit. The aim of the second part of the study was to evaluate brain connectivity especially cortico putaminal connectivity using probabilistic tractography. We assessed volumetric and microstructural changes that occur within each of these subregions and try to establish the potential value of these changes in differential diagnosis.DTI and T1-weighted images were obtained using 1.5 T MRI. Putamen was manually segmented. The cortex was segmented using Freesurfer software and cortical regions were classified in three functional systems: motor, associative and limbic. Then, we calculated the connection probability between putamen and ipsilateral cortical target. Volumes and DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy FA, mean diffusivity MD) of the resulting DTI-based parcellations of the putamen were compared between groups. Comparisons between groups were carried out using bivariate non parametrics tests. Putamen microstructural changes were present in the two variants of MSA according to anatomopathological knowledge. Loss of motor connectivity in MSA-P patients can be explained partially by important volume loss of putamen. Statistical multivariate model combining few clinical criteria and data obtained by MRI-based parcellation allows discriminating MSA-P from MSA-C from PD patients and controls in more than 75% of cases.The third part’s aim was to study the cognitive profile of MSA patients compared to PD patients and to evaluate the cognitive clinical correlations with VBM and VB-DTI brain MRI data. The contribution of standard neuropsychological examination to the differential diagnosis of both syndromes remains still limited. Our study revealed the main involvement of motor cortex in cognitive functions. From our knowledge, there is no study of cognitive correlations and DTI parameters in PD or in MSA
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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