324 research outputs found
King, Tribal Society and Fertility in Koraput: Different Aspects of the Ritual Bali Jatra
No full textThe impact of macroeconomic policies on the growth of public health expenditure: An empirical assessment from the Indian states
No full textThe impact assessment of macroeconomic policies on public health expenditure is very relevant in Indian economy because of tax reform, fiscal consoli- dation, and expenditure policy reform. These have been undertaken after economic liberalization in order to sustain a high economic growth. Despite the several fis- cal policy initiatives, there is a persistent slowing down of growth in public health expenditure and a huge disparity in the allocation of budget toward health care among the Indian states. Using the period 1990-2014, the study examines the dynamic relationships between public health expenditure and macroeconomic fac- tors (economic growth, domestic revenue, domestic debt, fiscal balance, and central government transfer) of 15 major states of India. Our empirical result shows that state's revenue (i.e. tax revenue and indirect tax) and central transfer (i.e. tax devo- lution) are the major public providers for financing the health care of Indian states. Other sources of revenue of the government, namely non-tax revenue and direct tax show no impact on public health expenditure in the short run, while it shows a positive impact in the long run. As a consequence, we find that economic growth and fiscal balance lead to a favorable impact on public health expenditure in the long run. The result suggests the improvement in revenue collection, increase in the tax base and the efficient utilization of central grants would generate fiscal space in the economy, and thereby the government can allocate more funds toward public health care
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Peridynamics for Failure Prediction in the Presence of Material Nonlinearity and Finite Deformation
No full textThis study examines the failure modeling of materials exhibiting nonlinear behavior and reduced dimension structures using peridynamic (PD) theory. Among the existing PD models, PD constitutive correspondence approach is adopted in the development. PD correspondence approach offers a way to use constitutive equations from classical continuum mechanics by defining a nonlocal deformation gradient tensor. However, using the original definition of deformation gradient leads to spurious oscillations in the solution. This work uses a bond-associated deformation gradient with the peridynamic differential operator to eliminate these oscillations. The numerical modeling assumes the quasi-static loading conditions, and the solution is obtained using the implicit technique with the Intel PARDISO solver using the exact tangent stiffness matrix. PD models are systematically developed for rubber-like materials, polymers exhibiting high stretch, and epoxy adhesives. The force density vectors for rubber materials are derived using the neo-Hookean constitutive equation. The weak form of PD equilibrium is used to impose the boundary conditions directly on the last layer of material points. Stretch-based criterion is used to eliminate interaction during failure simulations. The validity for predicting damage is demonstrated through simulations of experiments concerning progressive damage growth in pre-notched styrene-butadiene rubber sheets. The formulation is then extended for the polymer that can sustain high stretches. Anand’s model and Talamini-Mao-Anand’s model are used to derive force density vectors. The fidelity of this PD model for predicting large deformation, progressive damage, and rupture is established by comparison with experimental measurements of polymer sheets with defects under displacement-controlled tensile loading. To model epoxy adhesives, a viscoelastic material model in the presence of finite deformation is employed to derive the force density vectors. The relaxation modulus for the time-dependent behavior of the viscoelastic material is described in terms of the Prony series. The model performs well in predicting interface failure of lap joint configurations.
A new approach is presented to impose traction and displacement boundary conditions while solving for the strong form of PD equilibrium equations without a fictitious boundary layer. The domain is split into inner, outer, and boundary layer regions. In the “interior” region, the equilibrium equations are based on the nonordinary state-based (NOSB) peridynamics. In the “outer” region, the equilibrium equation is derived based on PD differential operator (PDDO). The PD form of traction components based on the PDDO enables the imposition of traction conditions in the actual “boundary layer” region. The displacement constraints are also enforced directly in the real boundary layer. The present approach is free of the unphysical displacement kinks near the boundaries. Also, the displacement predictions maintain the smoothness between the outer and inner regions. The displacement predictions agree well with FE results for all combinations of boundary conditions. The approach is adopted to model the creep behavior of stainless steel at high temperatures. Liu and Murakami's creep damage model is adopted to derive the force density vector. The approach is validated by considering the creep deformation of uniaxial and 2D plane stress stainless steel specimens subjected to a range of constant stress. The results compare well with the experimental measurements and analytical solutions.
A generalized PD beam model is formulated based on the Simo-Reissner beam theory. The governing equations are developed based on the form invariance of the first law of thermodynamics under rigid body motion. Nonlocal measures of strain and curvature are defined using the PD differential operator (PDDO). By employing a quadratic strain energy density function for the material response, the present approach is validated by considering numerical examples of beams undergoing large deformation
MEASURING SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROGRESS IN INDIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
No full textOne of the challenges to the National Statistical Systems worldwide is to capturethe indicators of socio-economic progress from the current available framework. The limitsof traditional indicators provide little insights about the extent of well being realised in thesociety, since there is no automatic link between growth and development which aims atimproving human and social welfare. Therefore, different countries had tried variousapproaches to measure their progress of the society. India’s experience with measuringprogress in the society ranges from computation of composite index to adoption of adevelopment strategy that emphasises human welfare and well-being of the society ascentral to all development planning. In this connection, this paper limits its scope to some ofthe challenges and possibilities in the Indian system for developing the indicators of socialprogress
Measuring socio-economic progress in India: Issues and challenges
No full textOne of the challenges to the National Statistical Systems worldwide is to capturethe indicators of socio-economic progress from the current available framework. The limitsof traditional indicators provide little insights about the extent of well being realised in thesociety, since there is no automatic link between growth and development which aims atimproving human and social welfare. Therefore, different countries had tried variousapproaches to measure their progress of the society. India’s experience with measuringprogress in the society ranges from computation of composite index to adoption of adevelopment strategy that emphasises human welfare and well-being of the society ascentral to all development planning. In this connection, this paper limits its scope to some ofthe challenges and possibilities in the Indian system for developing the indicators of socialprogress
Farmer's Participation in Contract Farming in India: A Study of Bihar
No full textPromotion of contract farming is to uplift farmers by providing better services while linking with market. Thus, this paper is empirically identifying the factors that influence farmers to participate in the cooperative (producer’s organization) led contract farming and their intensity of participation from Bihar in India by surveying 350 contract and 250 non-contract households. By using Logistic model for farmer’s decision to engage in contract farming, it is found that participation in contracts is mainly driven by the landholding size, area under irrigation, availability of workforce in the household and distance to market. Surprisingly, it is observed that households with more number of male population are less likely to participate in contract farming while it is opposite when it comes to female labour force
Investigation in to Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Pistachio Shell Powder (Pistacia Vera) Reinforced Epoxy Composite
No full textIn my present investigation on pistachio shell powder filled epoxy composite with filler content from 5wt. % to 20 wt. % were developed required to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of epoxy. Tensile strength and impact strength were calculated experimentally. Tribological wear test were performed utilising pin-on-disc machine. Composites having 5wt. %, 10wt. %, 15wt. %, and 20wt. % of pistachio shell powder filled epoxy was developed in the laboratories with the help of a self-designed mould. All Tests were conducted accordance to ASTM standards. It has been discovered that as the percentage of filler material increases from 5wt. % to 20wt. %, the mechanical and tribological behaviour of composite becomes superior. The improvement of these properties is due to robust adhesion between the pistachio shell powder and epoxy which may have aroused due to development of an interphase among the rubber wood powder and epoxy-matrix
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