47 research outputs found
THE SILENT STRUGGLE: DEPRESSION AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADULTS IN THE WAKE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN DELHI
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Introduction: The beginning of 2020 flooded with news of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world. Many countries have shown higher rates of depression, anxiety, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental well-being than usual ratio. Hence, this study was planned to assess the prevalence of depression and its determinants among adults living in Delhi during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during May and June 2020 on adults more than 18 years of age living in Delhi. A total of 267 respondent’s data were collected and analyzed. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ) scale was used to assess depression. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to check the association of depression with socio-demographic, behavioral, and COVID-19-related factors. Results: Out of 267 subjects around 61% were males, 61.8% were above 30 years of age and around 88% were living in urban areas. The prevalence of depression among the general population was found to be significantly high at 79.8%. Depression score was significantly higher among females (p=0.024), in the younger age (<30 years) (p <0.001), in the unmarried group (p<0.001), and among non-smokers (p=0.006). Respondents who had undergone COVID-19 testing (p =0.018), been quarantined (p =0.009), come into contact with COVID-19-positive patients (p =0.030) and who were scared of working during the pandemic (p<0.001) reported high levels of depression. Conclusion: The study showed high depression among the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving mental health screening, counselling sessions, and rehabilitation could be pivotal in addressing this challenging period.
Beliefs, Knowledge, Attitude, and Willingness for Organ Donation among People Visiting a Tertiary Healthcare Setup in Delhi: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textContext:
In India, around 500,000 people need an organ transplant every year, but only 3% of organ transplants are occurring annually. Despite periodic amendments to the organ transplant act in the recent past, there has not been a significant increase in donation numbers. The findings suggest that while awareness programs are effective, targeted education focusing on specific knowledge gaps is urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. We recommend integrating focused educational modules into ongoing training programs and policy revisions to bridge these gaps.
Aims:
To assess beliefs, knowledge, attitude, and willingness for organ donation (OD) among adults visiting a tertiary healthcare setup in Delhi.
Settings and Design:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study.
Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 334 participants. A semistructured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect information. Information was gathered using EpiCollect software, version 5, via an interview schedule.
Results:
A total of 94% (314) of participants were aware and 86.8% (290) of participants had knowledge of the term “organ transplantation.” The most common sources of information about OD were TV (27.8%, 93), followed by Internet/online sources (23%, 77). Regarding awareness of organs that can be donated, most participants were aware that eyes (79%, 263), kidneys (76%, 253), and liver (42.8%, 143) can be donated. The upper/upper middle socioeconomic had significantly higher awareness toward OD as compared to lower middle/lower socioeconomic status (P = 0.003).
Conclusions:
There was generally high awareness about OD, knowledge gaps, and misconceptions persisted, particularly concerning associated risks. It underscores the need for targeted education and awareness campaigns to dispel misconceptions and promote a positive donation culture
Risk factors associated with gallstone disease
No full textBackground: Gallstone disease is one of the most common abdominal conditions for which patients are admitted in surgical wards of hospitals. Aim & Objective: The study was conducted to understand the association between behavioral and personal factors and gall stone disease among study subjects. Settings & Design: a case-control study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. Material & Methods: 120 each of cases and controls of over 20 years, matched for age and sex were recruited in the study. Data collection was done on a self-designed pretested “interview schedule.” Statistical analysis: The observations have been described in terms of mean and standard deviation for continuous data. To measure the strength of association simple Odd’s Ratio (OR) was calculated and McNemar’s test was used for matched pair analysis. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis to find out different correlates and analyses the independent effects of these correlates on GSD. Results: weight (59.20±9.57), height (159.67±6.25), BMI (23.20±3.15), waist circumference (75.79±7.07) and W/H ratio (0.80±0.06) were significantly higher [as seen by applying student t test] in cases as compared to controls 54.84±7.02, 156.58±4.93, 21.95±2.81, 73.49±6.09 and 0.77±0.05 respectively. High parity [OR-5.75, 95% CI 1.99-16.63] had the strongest association followed by high W/H ratio [OR-5.25, 95% CI 1.80-15.29], sedentary physical activity [OR-4.75, 95% CI 2.22-10.18], smoking [OR-3.4, 95% CI 1.25-9.21], consumption of smokeless tobacco [OR-2.36, 95% CI 1.17-4.78] and high BMI [OR-1.71, 95% CI1.03-2.83]. Conclusion: High parity, High W/H ratio, Physical inactivity, Current smoking, Smokeless tobacco and high BMI were found to be risk factors for the development of gallstone disease
Long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence in India: an application of joinpoint and age–period–cohort analyses: a gendered perspective
No full textBackgroundMonitoring the transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population is fundamental for identifying the key population and designing prevention interventions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the gender disparities in HIV incidence and the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence of HIV in India for identifying the predictors that might have led to changes in the last three decades.Data and methodsThis study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify the magnitude of the changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV. The average annual percentage changes in the incidence were computed, and the age–period–cohort analysis was performed.ResultsA decreasing trend in the overall estimates of age-standardized HIV incidence rates were observed in the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence significantly declined from its peak in 1997 to 2019 (38.0 and 27.6 among males and females per 100,000 in 1997 to 5.4 and 4.6, respectively, in 2019). The APC was estimated to be 2.12 among males and 1.24 among females for the period 1990–2019. In recent years, although the gender gap in HIV incidence has reduced, females were observed to bear a proportionately higher burden of HIV incidence. Age effect showed a decline in HIV incidence by 91.1 and 70.1% among males and females aged between 15–19 years and 75–79 years. During the entire period from 1990–1994 to 2015–2019, the RR of HIV incidence decreased by 36.2 and 33.7% among males and females, respectively.ConclusionIndia is experiencing a decline in new HIV infections in recent years. However, the decline is steeper for males than for females. Findings highlight the necessity of providing older women and young women at risk with effective HIV prevention. This study emphasizes the need for large-scale HIV primary prevention efforts for teenage girls and young women
Psychological Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Lockdown among Undergraduate Medical Students of North India
No full textBackground:
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently an international public health crisis. The Indian government had announced the suspension of colleges indefinitely across India. Students of medical colleges are facing distress due to the abrupt disruption of academic routine.
Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate medical students of a medical college of North India during COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in North India. Data were collected via a prevalidated, semi-structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questions and three standard psychometric scales, i.e., Perceived Stress Scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Major Depression Inventory Scale for assessing stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results:
We reported that majority of students (86.5%) have increased social media usage. The level of stress is moderate (72.5%) to high (19%), and depression is also reported in many students from moderate (11%) to severe (17.8%) levels. A small proportion of students showed anxiety though anxiety scores are significantly higher for males than females and for 1st- and 2nd-year subjects than final-year subjects. More than 60% of students are physically active who also showed a low level of stress, depression, and anxiety than sedentary subjects.
Conclusion:
Our results show that stress, anxiety, and depression were high in medical students during lockdown. Increased food intake and social media usage were risk factors for developing stress, anxiety, and depression. Physical activity has a positive impact on mental health of the students
Table_1_Long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence in India: an application of joinpoint and age–period–cohort analyses: a gendered perspective.docx
No full textBackgroundMonitoring the transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population is fundamental for identifying the key population and designing prevention interventions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the gender disparities in HIV incidence and the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence of HIV in India for identifying the predictors that might have led to changes in the last three decades.Data and methodsThis study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify the magnitude of the changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV. The average annual percentage changes in the incidence were computed, and the age–period–cohort analysis was performed.ResultsA decreasing trend in the overall estimates of age-standardized HIV incidence rates were observed in the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence significantly declined from its peak in 1997 to 2019 (38.0 and 27.6 among males and females per 100,000 in 1997 to 5.4 and 4.6, respectively, in 2019). The APC was estimated to be 2.12 among males and 1.24 among females for the period 1990–2019. In recent years, although the gender gap in HIV incidence has reduced, females were observed to bear a proportionately higher burden of HIV incidence. Age effect showed a decline in HIV incidence by 91.1 and 70.1% among males and females aged between 15–19 years and 75–79 years. During the entire period from 1990–1994 to 2015–2019, the RR of HIV incidence decreased by 36.2 and 33.7% among males and females, respectively.ConclusionIndia is experiencing a decline in new HIV infections in recent years. However, the decline is steeper for males than for females. Findings highlight the necessity of providing older women and young women at risk with effective HIV prevention. This study emphasizes the need for large-scale HIV primary prevention efforts for teenage girls and young women.</p
Additional file 1 of Trends in incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in India over past three decades: a joinpoint and age–period–cohort analysis
No full textAdditional File 1: Table 1. Sex-specific temporal trends in incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in India based on the joinpoint regression analysis (1990-2019). Table 2. Wald χ2 tests to test the significance of estimable functions
Data_Sheet_1_Long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence in India: an application of joinpoint and age–period–cohort analyses: a gendered perspective.docx
No full textBackgroundMonitoring the transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population is fundamental for identifying the key population and designing prevention interventions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the gender disparities in HIV incidence and the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence of HIV in India for identifying the predictors that might have led to changes in the last three decades.Data and methodsThis study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify the magnitude of the changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV. The average annual percentage changes in the incidence were computed, and the age–period–cohort analysis was performed.ResultsA decreasing trend in the overall estimates of age-standardized HIV incidence rates were observed in the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence significantly declined from its peak in 1997 to 2019 (38.0 and 27.6 among males and females per 100,000 in 1997 to 5.4 and 4.6, respectively, in 2019). The APC was estimated to be 2.12 among males and 1.24 among females for the period 1990–2019. In recent years, although the gender gap in HIV incidence has reduced, females were observed to bear a proportionately higher burden of HIV incidence. Age effect showed a decline in HIV incidence by 91.1 and 70.1% among males and females aged between 15–19 years and 75–79 years. During the entire period from 1990–1994 to 2015–2019, the RR of HIV incidence decreased by 36.2 and 33.7% among males and females, respectively.ConclusionIndia is experiencing a decline in new HIV infections in recent years. However, the decline is steeper for males than for females. Findings highlight the necessity of providing older women and young women at risk with effective HIV prevention. This study emphasizes the need for large-scale HIV primary prevention efforts for teenage girls and young women.</p
Additional file 1 of Secular trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in India and its states, 1990-2019: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
No full textAdditional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Percentage changes in cervical cancer incidence among women of all ages in India and its states over the period 1990 to 2019. Supplementary Table 2. Percentage changes in cervical cancer mortality among women of all ages in India and its states over the period 1990 to 2019. Supplementary Figure 1. Trends in age standardized cervical cancer Incidence rate using joinpoint regression analysis across states of India. Supplementary Figure 2. Trends in age standardized mortality rate of cervical cancer using joinpoint regression analysis across states of Indi
The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
No full textBackground In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1.19 million (95% UI 1.11-1.28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59.6 [54.5-65.7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53.2 [48.8-57.9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14.2 [12.9-15.6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13.6 [12.6-14.8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23.5 million (21.9-25.2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2.7% (1.9-3.6) came from YLDs and 97.3% (96.4-98.1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.AuthorOverflow(726
