1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Impact of environmental factors on preterm and term-born infants and children
Get PDFBackground: Survival rates of prematurely born infants are increasing throughout high-income countries, resulting in around 10% preterm births at present. Preterm infants are a very heterogenous group in terms of respiratory morbidity and mortality and have impaired capacity to deal with oxidative stress in the perinatal period, making them more susceptible to environmental stimuli than their healthy term peers. However, it is unknown, whether this vulnerability is associated with an increased oxidative stress response and low-level inflammation during infancy and childhood, which can be measured in exhaled breath.
Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of air pollution on lung function and inflammatory and metabolic profiles in infancy and childhood. Therefore, the primary aim was to directly compare pre- and postnatal exposure to low-to-moderate air pollution with lung function at 44 weeks of postconceptional age (PCA) and at six years of age in preterm and term–born children. The secondary aim was to develop and standardize a mass spectrometry technique to retrieve metabolic information from exhaled breath of preterm and term infants and to correlate oxidative stress markers with lung function parameters and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
Methods: All the studies of this thesis were performed within the prospective Basel–Bern infant lung development (BILD) cohort (SNF 182871/1). Information on perinatal risk factors was collected from medical records and by standardized questionnaires. For each individual child and window of exposure, air pollution levels were calculated using space-hybrid models for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), and ozone (O3). To assess airway abnormalities and inflammation, lung function and FeNO measurements were performed at 44 weeks of PCA and at six years of age. For the development and standardization of the off-line technique for metabolic profiling in infants, secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) was used.
Results: Pre- and postnatal exposure to low-to-moderate air pollution levels showed clear associations with impaired lung function in infancy and at school-age. These effects were most pronounced in children with the highest exposure and when higher air pollution levels occurred during the time windows of accelerated lung development: the second trimester of pregnancy, as well as the first and second year of life. Furthermore, aggravated impairment of lung function in infancy was seen in moderate to late preterm infants (born 32 – 37 weeks of gestational age).
We have found evidence of effects of air pollution on FeNO, however FeNO is influenced by/but not specific for measuring oxidative stress. Oxidative stress markers can potentially be measured in exhalomics, however, techniques are not yet available for use in infants. Thus, as a first step, we developed and tested a new methodology, which showed performance characteristics comparable to the gold standard of SESI-HRMS measurements. For the first time, the successful deployment of this technique enabled the measurement of specific metabolites suggestive of oxidative stress (e.g., 4-Hydroxynonenal) in infants. Additionally, the novel method of capturing information on metabolic profiles from infant breath could provide further biological background information on metabolic responses to environmental stimuli, such as exposure to air pollution, supporting our findings.
Conclusions: Air pollution levels even below currently recommended thresholds are associated with impaired lung function in healthy children and are even more pronounced in preterm infants. As a proof of concept and novelty, these results support the hypothesis of increased time- and dose-dependent vulnerability of children to environmental stimuli and increased susceptibility of preterm infants. Prevention in utero and early life are of utmost importance as lung function deficits in childhood have been shown to trace through life with the potential for respiratory morbidity in adulthood. Therefore, more stringent policies to reduce air pollution levels and consequently the burden of disease should be taken
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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