1,721,066 research outputs found
Présentation
No full textBouvard Laurence, Combes Pierre-Philippe, Decreuse Bruno, Laouénan Morgane, Schmutz Benoît, Trannoy Alain. Présentation. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 23, n°3, 2009. pp. 3-7
Présentation
No full textBouvard Laurence, Combes Pierre-Philippe, Decreuse Bruno, Laouénan Morgane, Schmutz Benoît, Trannoy Alain. Présentation. In: Revue française d'économie, volume 23, n°3, 2009. pp. 3-7
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Human capital investments and the design of labor market institutions.
No full textL'éducation est un investissement qui trouve son rendement sur le marché du travail.Cependant, les frictions à l'œuvre sur ce marché affectent aussi bien le niveau que la nature des investissements éducatifs. Dans le même temps, les compétences acquises lors de la scolarité conditionnent le design des institutions du marché du travail.Nous proposons trois chapitres qui examinent chacun une question particulière.Le premier présente un modèle de mismatch sur le marché du travail où le degré d'inadéquation entre travailleurs et emplois est endogène : il dépend des efforts éducatifs (qui réduisent le mismatch) et des investissements technologiques (qui l'augmentent). Nous examinons l'impact de l'incertitude concernant le futur partenaire de travail, de l'hétérogénéité des travailleurs vis-à-vis de leur capacité scolaire, et de l'aversion au risque.Le deuxième construit un modèle d'appariement avec spécialistes et généralistes dans lequel la proportion de spécialistes est endogène. La nature du capital humain détermine le nombre de files d'attentes dans lequel le travailleur peut prospecter ainsi que son rang dans chacune d'elles. L'éducation véhicule plusieurs externalités : les spécialistes favorisent la création d'emplois dans chaque secteur ; les généralistes améliorent l'efficience de la technologie d'appariement mais aggravent le problème de coordination des firmes. Nous calibrons le modèle sur données agrégées pour 20 pays de l'OCDE. L'auto-sélection s'avère toujours inefficace : taxer la formation professionnelle pourrait réduire le taux de chômage de plus d'un point de pourcentage.Le troisième étudie le design de l'assurance chômage dans un contexte où les travailleurs diffèrent quant à la nature de leur capital humain. Nous montrons que selon le scénario retenu pour la gestion de la caisse d'assurance, la proportion de spécialistes peut conduire à diminuer ou accroître le taux de remplacement de l'indemnité chômage optimale.Education is an investment that has its return on the labor market. However, frictions at work in this market affect both the level and the nature of educational investments. At the same time, the skills gained during schooling time determine the design of labor market institutions.This thesis is made of three chapters examining, each of them examines a particular issue.The first one presents a mismatch model on labor market where the efficiency of the assignment mechanism is endogenous: it depends on educational efforts (which reduce the mismatch) and on technological investments (which increases it). We examine the impact of uncertainty regarding the future work associate, of the worker's heterogeneity toward scholastic ability, and of risk aversion.In the second one we build a two-sector matching model with generalists and specialists, in which the proportion of specialists is endogenous. The nature of human capital determines the number of job queues in which worker can candidates as well as its rank in each of them. Self-selection in education type leads to three main externalities: specialists enhance job creation in each sector; generalists improve the efficiency of the matching technology, but nevertheless exacerbate firm's coordination problems. We calibrate the model on aggregate data for 20 OECD countries. Self-selection is always inefficient: taxing vocational education, to reduce the proportion of specialists down the efficient level, could reduce unemployment rates by more than one point of percentage.The third one studies the unemployment insurance scheme in a context where workers have different kind of human capital. We show that, depending on the scenario chosen for the management of the insurance fund, the proportion of individuals with specific human capital can lead either to a decrease or to an increase of the replacement rate of the optimal unemployment benefit
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Marché du travail, aspirations et effort d'éducation
No full textCette thèse évalue les effets combinés des valeurs culturelles et des frictions du marché du travail sur les choix d'éducation des individus et leur comportement au chômage. Le premier chapitre propose une explication à la reproduction sociale. J'utilise un modèle de générations imbriquées où les parents transmettent des valeurs plus ou moins favorables à l'emploi et où l'enfant choisit son éducation et cherche un emploi. La transmission se fait sous information imparfaite sur les capacités scolaires de son enfant. Dans les familles privilégiées, les parents ne doutent pas de la réussite de leur progéniture, et transmettent une forte valeur pro-emploi. Ce mécanisme accroît l'immobilité sociale. Le deuxième chapitre montre comment calculer l'assurance-chômage dans un cas où les préférences endogènes sont représentées par un choix optimal d'une estime de soi au travail qui peut être complémentaire ou substituable au salaire. En négligeant la nature endogène et spécifique à l'état de l'estime de soi, une approche de statistiques suffisantes peut appeler, à tort, à une expansion de l'assurance-chômage. Le troisième chapitre analyse la relation entre l'éthique au travail et la décision de toucher des prestations en cas de chômage avec un modèle de recherche d'emploi où les parents transmettent une estime de soi au travail. Augmenter les allocations chômage ou baisser le coût du recours augmente la probabilité de toucher des prestations, tandis que diminuer le coût de recherche d'emploi diminue les taux de chômage et de participation via une augmentation de l'éthique au travail (pour un risque chômage plus faible), entraînant une stigmatisation du chômage.This dissertation assesses the combined effects of cultural values and labor market frictions on individuals' educational investments and unemployment behaviors. The first chapter proposes an explanation to social reproduction. I use an overlapping generations model where parents transmit values more or less favorable to employment and the child chooses education and looks for a job. Transmission occurs through imperfect information about their offspring's scholastic ability. In privileged families, parents do not doubt about their offspring's success on the labor market, and transmit a strong pro-employment value. I find that this mechanism increases social immobility.The second chapter assesses how to compute optimal UI in a case where endogenous preferences are represented by an optimal choice of self-esteem at work which can either be complementary or substitutable to work income. While neglecting the state-specific and endogenous nature of self-esteem weights, a sufficient statistics approach may wrongly call for UI expansions. The third chapter analyzes the relationship between inherited work ethic and the decision to take up benefits in case of unemployment with a search model where parents transmit self-esteem at work to their offspring. An increase in non employment income or a decrease of the claiming cost increase the probability of taking benefits up in the case of unemployment, while a decrease in the searching cost decreases the unemployment rate and the take-up rates. This last result comes from an increase of employment self-esteem when the unemployment risk is lower, which itself leads to an increase in unemployment stigma
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