1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A ‘barren rock’ : an environmental history of Hong Kong’s British colonial landscapes, 1794-1898
No full textL’histoire de Hong Kong est apparemment celle d’un miracle économique. Selon la légende, avant l’arrivée des Britanniques en 1841, l’île n’était qu’un « rocher aride », ou « a barren rock », qui, grâce à la colonisation, fut transformée en un centre financier international. Alors que certains historiens se sont attelés à exposer la richesse culturelle et économique de l’île avant 1841, d’autres se sont efforcés de révéler la complexité historique que le récit progressiste occulte afin de lisser toute contestation politique. Cette thèse propose de renouveler l’effort de déconstruction du mythe du barren rock entrepris par l’historiographie récente en analysant sa dimension environnementale. Si les historiens ont déjà montré qu’elle n’était pas vide, alors pourquoi l’île paraît-elle barren aux yeux des Britanniques ? Quels sens attribuer à ce mot dans le contexte de la colonisation de Hong Kong ? Au-delà de la formule, le mythe qui porte son nom est celui d’une victoire sur la nature hostile de l’île. Est-ce vraiment le cas ? Quelles caractéristiques naturelles menacent la présence des Britanniques ou, au contraire, favorisent leur succès ? Comment l’environnement participe-t-il au processus de colonisation ? En analysant la diversité des expériences collectives et individuelles des Britanniques tout au long du XIXe siècle, cette enquête retrace le rôle complexe et ambivalent que les caractéristiques naturelles jouent dans l’histoire de la colonisation de Hong Kong. En retraçant les circonstances précises de l’apparition du mythe du barren rock, cette thèse met au jour la réalité historique qu’il dissimule tout en révélant une multitude d’autres légendes environnementales.The history of Hong Kong is famous for being an economic miracle. According to the legend, the island was only « a barren rock » before British occupation in 1841, and was eventually transformed into a global financial centre. While some historians have revealed the cultural and economic success of the Hong Kong region before 1841, others have demonstrated how colonial tale of steady and inevitable progress has obscured historical complexities realities in order to silence political contention. This dissertation attempts to renew recent efforts to deconstruct the myth of the barren rock through the analysis of its environmental qualities. Although historians have clearly shown that the island was far from empty in 1841, why did it appear so barren to the British? What meanings did they ascribe to this word in the context of Hong Kong’s colonization? Beyond the mere formula, the myth of the barren rock is one of a victory over the hostile nature of the island. Or was it? How did natural features threaten the British, or on the contrary, did they facilitate their success? How did the environment participate in the process of colonization? Through the analysis of British collective and individual experiences during the long 19th century, this study examines the complex and ambivalent roles played by specific natural characteristics throughout colonization. By examining the precise circumstances of its invention, this thesis sheds light over the historical realities that have been concealed by the myth of the barren rock while revealing many other legends about Hong Kong’s environment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Founding the Barren Rock: Landscape transformations and discourses in nineteenth-century colonial Hong Kong
No full textL’atmosphère meurtrière de Hong Kong
Get PDFLes découvertes de la fin du xixe siècle, surtout en minéralogie et en microbiologie, ont progressivement fait cesser les spéculations scientifiques au sujet d’un des phénomènes les plus étranges de l’histoire de la colonisation de Hong Kong : son atmosphère meurtrière. Décrits par de nombreux naturalistes, les mystérieux effets dévastateurs du climat s’articulent autour d’un double paradoxe. D’une part, bien avant que l’île ne soit occupée par l’armée britannique, les observateurs érudits de la fin du xviiie et du début du xixe siècle s’interrogent sur l’influence néfaste que le climat semble avoir sur la végétation locale. Située au niveau du tropique du Cancer, la région de Canton, à laquelle les îles de Hong Kong appartiennent, est l’une des plus riches et des plus peuplées de l’Empire chinois. Les Européens s’attendent donc à y découvrir des paysages fertiles et cultivés ainsi que de vastes jungles tropicales. Or, ils s’étonnent systématiquement de l’absence de forêt dont ils cherchent sans succès à déceler les causes naturelles. L’étrangeté du phénomène vaudra même à Hong Kong le surnom de barren rock, ou « rocher aride », dans la presse anglophone lorsqu’en avril 1841, la nouvelle de son acquisition parvient à Londres. D’autre part, au cours des premières années de l’occupation britannique, l’île s’avère rapidement invivable pour les soldats et les premiers colons qui y sont régulièrement victimes d’incessantes vagues d’épidémies baptisées Hongkong fever, ou fièvre hongkongaise. Appliquant les théories médicales néohippocratiques en vigueur au milieu du xixe siècle, les médecins coloniaux assurent que les agents pathogènes émanent, comme ailleurs sous les tropiques, de la végétation en décomposition. Cette conclusion suscite une vive controverse : comment est-il possible qu’une île dépourvue de forêt, connue pour son aridité et surnommée barren rock, le « rocher stérile », puisse favoriser une quelconque décomposition végétale ? Dubitatifs, les contemporains élaborent d’autres hypothèses, parfois contradictoires, qui conduisent même certains à recommander l’abandon immédiat de l’île. S’appuyant sur un corpus des comptes rendus écrits avant et après l’occupation de l’île en 1841, cet article propose d’analyser les conséquences de ce phénomène paradoxal sur le processus de colonisation. Quels types d’inquiétudes la mystérieuse nocivité de l’atmosphère suscite-t-elle alors chez les colons ? Comment les différentes théories médicales en cours au milieu du xixe siècle génèrent-elles de nouvelles anxiétés ?By the end of the 19th century, discoveries in mineralogy and microbiology had gradually put an end to the scientific speculation about one of the strangest phenomena in the history of Hong Kong's colonization: its murderous atmosphere. Described by numerous naturalists, the mysterious and devastating effects of its climate revolved around a double paradox. On the one hand, long before the island was occupied by the British, erudite observers in the late 18th and early 19th centuries wondered about the harmful influence the climate seemed to have on local vegetation. Located at the Tropic of Cancer, the Canton region, to which the Hong Kong islands belonged, was one of the richest and most populous in the Chinese Empire. Europeans therefore expect to discover fertile and cultivated landscapes and vast tropical jungles. However, they were repeatedly astonished by the absence of forest, the natural causes of which they tried unsuccessfully to identify. The strangeness of the phenomenon even earned Hong Kong the nickname "barren rock" in the press when news of its acquisition reached London in April 1841. On the other hand, during the first years of British occupation, the island quickly proved unliveable for the soldiers and early settlers, who regularly fell victim to endless waves of epidemics known as Hongkong fever. Applying the neo-Hippocratic medical theories of the mid-19th century, colonial physicians asserted that, as elsewhere in the tropics, pathogens emanated from decomposing vegetation. This conclusion gave rise to considerable controversy: how was it possible that an island devoid of forest, known for its aridity and nicknamed 'barren rock', could be conducive to any kind of plant decomposition? Dubious, contemporaries developed other, sometimes contradictory hypotheses, leading some to even recommended the island's immediate abandonment. Based on a body of historical sources written before and after the Island's occupation in 1841, this article analyses the consequences of this paradoxical phenomenon on the colonization process. What kinds of fears did the mysterious noxiousness of the atmosphere arouse among the colonists? How did the various medical theories prevailing in the mid-19th century generate new anxieties
Mick Atha et Kennis Yip, Piecing Together Sha Po: Archaeological Investigations and Landscape Reconstruction,
Get PDFPiecing Together Sha Po est un ouvrage d’archéologie retraçant les quelques 6 500 ans d’occupation humaine de Sha Po, un village côtier au nord-ouest de l’île de Lamma à Hong Kong. Habitant l’île depuis dix ans, les auteurs, Mick Atha et Kennis Yip, sont deux archéologues formés à York en Angleterre. Le premier enseigne sa discipline à l’Université chinoise de Hong Kong tandis que la seconde est consultante professionnelle en archéologie. Y ayant mené de nombreuses fouilles, ils s’appuient su..
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