260 research outputs found
Iris Recognition Using Improved Xor-Sum Code
No full textIris recognition has been among the most secure and reliable biometric traits, because of its permanent and unique features. Among the various essential modules of an iris recognition framework, feature extraction has been the most sought-for module, where numerous research works have been carried out to yield an effective representation of iris features. This paper is an attempt to propose an improved version of a famous feature descriptor, called Xor-sum code, to obtain an enhanced recognition accuracy. The proposed approach incorporates the curvature information into the conventional Gabor filter, to facilitate discriminative iris feature representation. A rigorous experimentation, with two challenging benchmark iris datasets, has been performed to approve the viability of suggested strategy. The approach proposed under this work is also generalized to work with both the near-infrared and visible wavelength images
Secure Multi-Party Computation Using Pre-distributed Information from an Initializer
No full textSecure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) is a concept that includes a system of n participants communicating each other securely such that the participants want to compute any given function using their private inputs without giving any information about their inputs. The matter of computing a multiplication gate has raised a security concern. That is, because the multiplication gate rises the degree of the resulted polynomial while there is a limited number of required participants to reconstruct and compute the outcome. In this study, we propose a MPC protocol using a server or a remote computer as an initializer, which has become popular these days to conduct a probabilistic functionality in the circuit. The initializer does not get involved in the actual online computation and it can just share some random pre-computed information at any time prior to it. Our protocol needs only one round of online secret sharing, and the online computation of both the inputs addition and multiplication gates can be executed in parallel. The extension of our protocol can be used for the multiplication gates with different multiplicative depths (intermediate levels). The proposed protocol is information-theoretic secure against a coalition of t passive adversaries with the presence of at least n≥ t+ 1 participants. The communication complexity of a multiplication gate is linear
Programmed exosome fusion for energy generation in living cells
No full text© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Biological membrane-enclosed organelles are fascinating examples of spatially confined nanoreactors for biocatalytic transformations such as cascade reactions involving multiple enzymes; however, the fabrication of their synthetic mimics remains a considerable challenge. Here we demonstrate supramolecular chemistry-based bridging of two membranes leading to controlled fusion of exosomes that act as nanoreactors for effective biocatalytic cascades, with prolonged functionality inside of living cells. Exosome membrane proteins were chemically engineered with a catechol moiety to drive fusion by supramolecular complexation to bridge the membranes. This strategy successfully encapsulated multiple enzymes and assembled the minimal electron transport chain in the plasma membrane, leading to tuneable, enhanced catalytic cascade activity capable of ATP synthesis inside of tissue spheroids. This nanoreactor was functional for many hours after uptake into living cells, showed successful penetration into tissue spheroids and repaired the damaged region by supplying ATP, all of which represent an advance in the mimicking of nature’s own organelles. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].11Nsciescopu
A fidget spinner for the point-of-care diagnosis of urinary tract infection
No full text© 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.The point-of-care detection of pathogens in biological samples in resource-limited settings should be inexpensive, rapid, portable, simple and accurate. Here, we describe a custom-made fidget spinner that rapidly concentrates pathogens in 1-ml samples of undiluted urine by more than 100-fold for the on-device colorimetric detection of bacterial load and pathogen identification. In Tiruchirappalli, India, the device enabled the on-site detection of infection with the naked eye within 50 min in urine samples from 39 patients suspected of having a urinary tract infection. We also show that, in 30 clinical samples of urinary tract infection, the device can be used to perform an antimicrobial susceptibility test for the antimicrobial drugs ciprofloxacin and cefazolin within 120 min. The fidget spinner could be used in low-resource settings as an inexpensive handheld point-of-care device for the rapid concentration and detection of pathogens in urine sample
New Realizations of Efficient and Secure Private Set Intersection Protocols Preserving Fairness
No full text
Fair mPSI and mPSI-CA: Efficient Constructions in Prime Order Groups with Security in the Standard Model against Malicious Adversary
No full textIn this paper, we propose a construction of fair and efficient mutual Private Set Intersection (mPSI) with linear communication and computation complexities, where the underlying group is of prime order. The main tools in our approach include: (i) ElGamal and Distributed ElGamal Cryptosystems as multiplicatively Homomorphic encryptions, (ii) Cramer-Shoup Cryptosystem as Verifiable encryption. Our mPSI is secure in standard model against malicious parties under Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption. Fairness is achieved using an off-line semi-trusted arbiter. Further, we extend our mPSI to mutual Private Set Intersection Cardinality (mPSI-CA) retaining all the security properties of mPSI. More interestingly, our mPSI-CA is the first fair mPSI-CA with linear complexity
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