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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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A Public Values Perspective on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Government Practices: A Synthesis of Case Studies
Get PDFVariations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Urbanismo futurista saudí como puerta al Indo-Pacífico
No full textThe Indo-Pacific is presented as a new geographical area from the perspective of international relations and geopolitics, which presents both challenges and opportunities. This research analyses the relationship in the contemporary world of the following elements: fossil fuel crisis, climate action, economic diversification, futuristic urbanism, smart cities, and cognitive urbanism. All of this is within the scope of the rising megalopolises of the Indo-Pacific space that have flourished quickly and disorderly, many of them housing over ten million people. This is presented as a problem that requires immediate, effective, and environmentally friendly solutions. The Saudi proposal could contribute to regional leadership and, therefore, to a role as a gateway to the West.
Regarding geographical space, we focus on the Arabian Peninsula and especially Saudi Arabia for three reasons: the geographical location between, West and East; it is a strategic place in world trade, and it is the State where two of the three most important areas for the Muslim religion are located, especially Mecca. As an intersectional issue, it should be noted that the Asia-Pacific region is home to over 60% of the total number of Muslims, around 1.5 billion people. The figure could be similar in the Indo-Pacific space and even increase if some other places with Muslim majorities gain weight in the borders. The obligation to comply with the religious precept of traveling to Mecca once in a lifetime makes this action (called Umrah or Hajj) an element of soft power for Saudi Arabia in its sphere of influence regionally and in the Indo-Pacific space. The religious issue is not minor, because although there is skepticism in the West, the progress made in Saudi Arabia in the last decade at the dawn of the leadership of its prime minister and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is remarkable. In a religious sense, the agreement promoted by Dr. Mohammad bin Abdulkarim Alissa, leader of the World League of Islam, with the approval of the Mecca Charter in 2019, is noteworthy. An agreement was signed by religious leaders from 139 countries, reflecting a significant effort to promote unit and cooperation among the global Muslim community.
We proceed with a mixed methodology. On the one hand, we conduct a specialized interdisciplinary bibliographic review, although focused on international relations. On the other hand, due to the novelty of some aspects discussed, institutional sources available on the internet have been consulted. Finally, a series of profiles have been identified to proceed through semi-structured interviews, from which qualitative analysis insights have been extracted to establish conclusions.
This paper presents a five-point structure in addition to the conclusions. In the introduction, a brief historical contextualization is made, the methodology is detailed and the profiles of the semi-structured interviews are indicated. The first item is entitled The Challenges of the Indo-Pacific. The theoretical debate on the geographical scope of space is referenced and some of the most outstanding challenges are identified through semi-structured interviews. Likewise, the Saudi position in the region and the visibility of the Arab Peninsula in a new space, the Indo-Pacific, which decentralizes the picture of China and India, is argued. The second point, the Smart City and the cognitive city propose the critical exploration of the ontological limits of the new models of urbanism in which human beings give up control to intelligent algorithms. If these actions are not backed up with human supervision, there will be a risk of falling into algocracies. The current regulatory proposals regarding artificial intelligence are between total state supervision and even biometric control of people in the People\u27s Republic of China versus the European model of Artificial Intelligence Law that guarantees rights and freedoms and respect for privacy. In this section, the model of the cognitive city is presented at the dawn of the epistemological debate on its suitability to solve the challenges of the megalopolises of the Digital Revolution. The point is concluded by warning of the danger of the dictatorship of the algorithm or algocracy, if the limits and controls to artificial intelligence in futuristic urbanism are not well planned.
All the points above show the coherence in the scientific discussion and converge in the title The Line and the Gateway to the Indo-Pacific. This is the point at which, after exploring the challenges of space, analysing the role of the Arabian Peninsula, and planting the differences between the smart and the cognitive city as a proposal for the challenge of megalopolis urbanism, we go on to explain Saudi Arabia\u27s proposal about futuristic urbanism and to offer an analysis on the role of the link between East and West and therefore of a gateway in the Indo-Pacific. At this point, the Line Cognitive City project is justified and argued from Saudi Arabia\u27s position in the Indo-Pacific, futuristic urbanism in the region, and how it could serve as an agent to consolidate Saudi leadership in the area. Some of the technological proposals and models of interaction between humans and machines are explained, defining the cyborg city model, since the approach of the cognitive city, The Line aims at constant communication between citizens and artificial intelligence, understanding it as a whole. The research is not based on rejection, skepticism, or technological Luddism, but this work refers to challenges, sensitivities, and high expectations regarding deadlines and compliance.
As for the conclusions, Saudi Arabia\u27s weight as a regional power is confirmed, achieved in a few years at the dawn of the leadership of its prime minister and Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. It also clearly reflects on the role of the new cities marked by the massive use of technology concerning the challenges of the Indo-Pacific as one of the spaces with the greatest demographic and urban weight today. As for The Line cognitive city model, it is found that, although it is driven by the profits of the fossil fuel industries, its success depends not only on technical execution but also on the ability to generate intangible benefits for society and economic benefits for investors.Los países de la península arábiga y del golfo pérsico llevan tiempo explorando modelos económicos alternativos ante el final anunciado de los combustibles fósiles. El último país en sumarse a esta tendencia es Arabia Saudí, quien además se abre al mundo con novedosas iniciativas tecnológicas, políticas y religiosas, que buscan consolidar su liderazgo en la zona. Una de las áreas a explorar, dentro de los nuevos modelos, es la relacionada con la planificación urbana: los edificios y las ciudades inteligentes y lo más novedoso: los espacios cognitivos. Un concepto que trasciende al de ciudad inteligente.
El Indo-Pacífico se presenta como una nueva área geográfica, desde la óptica de las relaciones internacionales y la geopolítica, que presenta retos y oportunidades. En esta investigación se analizan, en relación con el Mundo Actual, los siguientes elementos: crisis de combustibles fósiles, acción por el clima, diversificación económica, urbanismo futurista, ciudades inteligentes y urbanismo cognitivo. Todo ello, en el ámbito de las megalópolis de la región del Indo-Pacífico, que han florecido rápida y desordenadamente, albergando muchas de ellas a más de diez millones de habitantes. Esto plantea un problema que requiere soluciones inmediatas, eficaces y, sobre todo, respetuosas con el medioambiente. La propuesta saudí podría contribuir al liderazgo regional y, por tanto, a un papel como puerta a occidente. La propuesta saudí de una ciudad cognitiva, para el urbanismo futurista, contribuye a consolidar el liderazgo de la nación árabe en la región. De ejecutarse con éxito el modelo de ciudad planteado, Arabia Saudí se postularía además para el papel de puerta al espacio del Indo-Pacífico gracias al reto demográfico que supone. Este menester es, asimismo, trascendente, ya que, crear ciudades y comunidades sostenibles se presenta como el Objetivo 11 dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas (ODS).
En las conclusiones constatamos el peso que, como potencia regional, Arabia Saudí ha conseguido en pocos años al albur del liderazgo de su primer ministro y príncipe heredero Mohamed bin Salman. También se reflexiona acerca del rol en las nuevas ciudades, marcadas por el empleo masivo de la tecnología, con respecto a los desafíos del Indo-Pacífico, uno de los espacios con mayor peso demográfico y urbano hoy en día. En cuanto al modelo de ciudad cognitiva, The Line constata que, pese a que está impulsada gracias a los beneficios de la industria dedicada a los combustibles fósiles, su éxito no depende sólo de la ejecución técnica, sino de la capacidad de generar beneficios intangibles para la sociedad y económicos para los inversores
Henry Dunant y el ideal humanitario. La fundación de la Cruz Roja y los orígenes del derecho internacional humanitario.
No full textUn análisis histórico de los orígenes del humanitarismo en las guerras y conflictos. El caso de la Cruz Roja y el importante papel de la Dama de la Lámpara que llegan a Estados Unidos para crear la enfermería moderna. El destacado rol de Mis Florence Nightingale y de Linda Richards. Asimismo se constata el activo papel de la francmasonería.Un recorrido desde la Batalla de Solferino hasta los fundamentos del humanitarismo moderno en guerras y conflictos
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
España, la Antártida e Iberoamérica
No full textEste trabajo reivindica los estudios históricos antárticos desde una pers- pectiva española planteando tres objetivos iniciales: enfatizar la huella histórica eclipsada por la leyenda negra y la construcción del relato anglo- sajón; empoderar a los personajes autores de las gestas marítimas compa- rables hoy a los viajes espaciales y, por último, proponer una visión de los estudios antárticos como un elemento común en el hispanoamericanismo.Estudios históricos antárticos desde una perspectiva española abordando la relación con Iberoamérica
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