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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Pinus brutia Ten. : Quelles attentes des acteurs de la filière et quelle stratégie d’amélioration pour répondre à leurs besoins ?

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    MasterTo address the current context of global changes and threats to forests, the French National Forest Office is conducting research on future tree species, among others within the Joint research unit for Integrated biology for the valorisation of tree and forest diversity. The objective of this report was first to conduct interviews to identify the sector’s expectations and needs regarding the introduction of exotic species, particularly Pinus brutia, and then to develop a breeding strategy which meets these needs, at the scale of metropolitan France. The interviews highlight points of agreement, such as the diversification of forest species composition, but also divergences, most often related to spatial and temporal scale issues. The breeding strategy developed seeks to remain reasonable, in that the resulting forest reproductive material would only be part of the range of solutions available to forest managers. It is presented in the form of several options which allow updating current usage recommendation maps and remaining flexible in the sizing of the breeding programme. This approach can serve as a basis for reflection on other species.Pour faire face au contexte actuel de changements climatiques globaux et aux menaces qui pèsent sur les forêts, une réflexion sur les essences d’avenir est menée par l’Office National des Forêts, entre autres au sein de l’Unité mixte de recherche Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des arbres et de la forêt. L’objectif de ce rapport a d’abord été de réaliser des entretiens pour cerner les attentes et les besoins de la filière en termes d’introduction d’essences exotiques, notamment de Pinus brutia, puis d’élaborer une stratégie d’amélioration qui réponde à ces besoins, à l’échelle de la France métropolitaine. Les entretiens mettent en lumière des points d’accord, comme celui de la diversification du cortège d’essences forestières, mais également des divergences, liées le plus souvent à des questions d’échelles spatiales et temporelles. La stratégie d’amélioration développée cherche à rester raisonnable, en ce que le matériel forestier de reproduction qui en découlerait ne serait qu’une partie de la panoplie de solutions dont disposent les gestionnaires forestiers. Elle est présentée sous la forme de plusieurs options qui permettent d’actualiser les cartes de conseils d’utilisation actuelles, et de rester flexible dans le dimensionnement du programme d’amélioration. L’approche peut servir de base à une réflexion concernant d’autres espèces

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Rapport d’activité : Bilan de la deuxième année d’alternance

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    Engineering schoolGlobal changes led the French national forest office (ONF) to take an interest into foreign species, such as Pinus brutia, which distribution range corresponds to the Eastern Mediterranean region. Experimental plots were installed in the 1990’s and allow today to draw first conclusions on the adaptation of this forest species to the French climate. This study aims at studying its response to droughts, which required an accurate definition of this concept. A dendroecological analysis, leaning on Lloret’s (2011) and Schwarz’ (2020) indices, was thus led in order to study links between growth, approached by ring width series, and climate variables. This analysis first required a detrending step, mainly to get rid of the effect of cambial age. The results show that the species is adapted to the climate conditions where Pinus brutia was introduced, since resilience is overall near 1. Nonetheless, some provenances show good performances (POSK, MARM, ALEX), whereas others have a lower resistance (ANAM, BUCA) or a lower recovery (ULUC). The SILI provenance is intermediate with more variation between individuals. Besides, differences were observed between individuals. They seem to be explained mainly by social status and by site effects. These results are similar to those of Bariteau and Pommery (1992) for southern France in terms of survival rates and confirm the relevance of dendroecology studies to assess drought resistances.Les changements globaux ont conduit l’Office National des Forêts (ONF) à s’intéresser à des espèces exogènes comme Pinus brutia, dont l’aire de répartition correspond à l’Est méditerranéen. Des dispositifs implantés dans les années 1990 permettent de tirer aujourd’hui les premières conclusions sur l’adaptation de l’essence au climat français. La question soulevée dans cette étude est notamment l’adaptation aux sécheresses, qui a nécessité une définition plus claire de ce terme. Une analyse dendroécologique, s’appuyant sur les indices de Lloret (2011) et de Schwarz (2020), a donc été menée afin d’étudier les liens entre la croissance, approchée par les largeurs de cernes, et les variables climatiques. Cette analyse a nécessité en amont une standardisation des séries de largeurs de cernes, afin notamment d’en retirer l’effet de l’âge cambial. Les résultats indiquent que l’essence est adaptée aux sécheresses puisqu’elle présente dans l’ensemble une résilience proche de 1. Néanmoins, certaines provenances ont une meilleure réponse (POSK, MARM, ALEX), tandis que d’autres montrent une résistance plus faible (ANAM, BUCA) ou une moins bonne capacité de récupération (ULUC). La provenance SILI est intermédiaire avec davantage de variations entre individus. De plus, des différences sont observées entre individus. Elles semblent davantage expliquées par leur statut social et par l’effet des sites. Ces résultats concordent avec ceux avancés en termes de taux de survie par Bariteau et Pommery (1992) dans le Sud de la France et confirment la pertinence de l’approche dendroécologique pour estimer des résistances à la sécheresse

    La dendroécologie pour comprendre les relations cernes-climat

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