362 research outputs found
Productivity and Policy Reform in Australia
No full textAustralia has historically been Canada's poorer cousin. But a pick-up in productivity growth in the 1990s has raised Australian living standards to Canadian levels. In this article, Dean Parham of the Australian Productivity Commission provides an overview of Australian economic performance and the policy reforms that turned around Australia's laggard productivity growth. He first points out that during the first half of the 20th century Australia enjoyed one of the highest levels of labour productivity in the world. But Australia never experienced productivity convergence in the postwar period up to the 1990 and saw its productivity and GDP per capita ranking decline over this period. Productivity growth then picked up in the 1990s, with output per hour advancing 2.3 per cent per year in 1990-2001 compared to 1.5 per cent in 1973-1990. It was increased multifactor productivity growth, not capital deepening, that drove this acceleration. Parham makes the case that policy reforms explain much of Australia's improved productivity performance. He identifies three broad areas of policy reform as particularly important in fostering productivity growth: sharper competition; greater openness to trade, investment and technology; and greater flexibility for businesses to adjust production and distribution processes. These reforms spurred the Australian economy to to embark upon a much delayed productivity catch-up.Australia, Canada, Productivity, Labour Productivity, Policy, Policy Reforms, Policy Reform, Living Standards, Growth, Productivity Growth, Average Income, Capital Deepening, Capital, ICT, Information, Communication, Technology, MFP, Multifactor Productivity, Multi-factor Productivity, Total Factor Productivity, Skills
Correspondence to the Atlanta Inquirer from Johnny Parham, circa 1960
No full textThis is a handwritten letter to the Atlanta Inquirer from Johnny Parham. The letter is about a proposed agreement about ceasing the non-violent protest to desegregate schools. Parham describes his apprehensive sentiments about the agreement and its integrity. He is concerned that the movement would be in vain if the agreement was signed. The agreement is a compromise invalidating African Americans' legal entitlement to equal rights. Parham mentions the student movement, and African Americans have moved passed compromises but are in a stage of demanding their equal rights. 2 pages
Labour’s share of growth in income and prosperity
No full textThe paper is about the sources of growth in income in Australia and the effects of structural change on the distribution of income between labour and capital. The main objective is to find an explanation for the fall in the labour share of income in Australia in the 2000s.
Key points
The labour share of income fell by 4 or more percentage points in the 2000s.
However, labour was no worse off in the process.
Labour income grew at a faster rate in the 2000s than in the 1990s through stronger growth in both wages and employment.
The labour income share only fell because capital income growth accelerated even more.
The rise in the terms of trade meant that product prices rose faster than consumer prices. While labour received a smaller share of income at product prices, the slower growth in consumer prices meant that the real value of each dollar earned was worth more in terms of its purchasing power. This purchasing power effect (which was available to all income earners) more than outweighed the apparent reduction in labour\u27s share of national income.
The large rise in Australia\u27s terms of trade brought strong growth in real income —even stronger than the growth in the \u27productivity decade\u27 of the 1990s.
This provided scope for growth in both labour and capital income to rise.
Other high-income countries also experienced a decline in the labour income share, but driven by a different set of factors. In other countries, growth in labour income has suffered.
The mining boom was overwhelmingly responsible for the fall in labour share in Australia:
Development of mining and associated capacity added to the economy\u27s capital stock, leading to more capital-intensive production overall.
Higher output prices for minerals (and construction) reduced the real cost of labour so that growth in real wages fell behind labour productivity growth.
The two other industries most affected by the mining boom — Construction and Manufacturing — served to increase the labour income share.
In Manufacturing, a slowdown in capital income growth meant the industry contributed more to labour income than to capital income at the aggregate level.
Construction had stronger growth in capital income than in labour income. However, because the industry is labour intensive, growth in Construction\u27s labour income had a greater effect on aggregate labour income than growth in its capital income had on aggregate capital income.
As the terms of trade now decline, the labour income share will rise. But with a more capital-intensive economy, the share is unlikely to revert fully to previous levels.
Action to restore the old labour income share or to recover \u27lost\u27 income share through wage rises would probably only have adverse consequences for employment and inflation and for industries already facing adjustment pressures.
With the prospect of declining terms of trade, a focus on productivity growth will be the way to sustain growth in real wages
The mass production of conifer tree hybrids. Phase I : development of cell suspension-embryoid-plantlet technique. Project 3223, report four : a progress report to the members of the Institute of Paper Chemistry
No full text"July 1, 1976.""The Institute of Paper Chemistry, Lawson L. Winton, Morris A. Johnson, Russell A. Parham, Dean W. Einspahr, and John W. Swanson, director, Division of Natural Materials and Systems.
Dr. Robert Threatt, Interviewed by Loretta Parham, September 24, 2012
No full textVideo interviews with a complementing monograph providing reflections of former presidents of Historically Black Colleges and Universities discussing leadership, mission, challenges, successes, and issues of race and education. Interviewer: Loretta Parham, CEO & Library Director, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library. Interviewee: Dr. Robert Threatt, President, Morris Brown College 1973-1991
Air flow anomaly detection
No full textAuthor Parham ParvaMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Correspondence to the Atlanta Inquirer from Johnny Parham on Prejudice, circa 1960
No full textThe handwritten document is a letter to the Atlanta Inquirer accounting for prejudicial practices and how prejudice strikes minority settings and communities. Parham describes the nature of prejudice as being unpredictable, and that it cannot be singularly directed. The letter begins with a reference to an incident of anti-Semitism and the bombing of a synagogue by Neo-Nazis and describes the prohibition of the entry of a young Jewish man into a social invite because he was Jewish. The author connects it to the plight of negroes and establishes that there is ineffective legislation to protect others from such prejudiced acts against African Americans and other minorities. 4 pages
Air flow anomaly detection
No full textAuthor Parham ParvaMasterarbeit Johannes Kepler Universität Linz 2024Arbeit nach Ablauf der Sperre auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufba
Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole, Interviewed by Loretta Parham, June 14, 2012
No full textVideo interviews with a complementing monograph providing reflections of former presidents of Historically Black Colleges and Universities discussing leadership, mission, challenges, successes, and issues of race and education. Interviewer: Loretta Parham, CEO & Library Director, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library. Interviewee: Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole, President, Spelman College 1987-1997; President, Bennett College 2002-2007
Dr. Joseph B. Johnson, Interviewed by Loretta Parham, September 17, 2012
No full textVideo interviews with a complementing monograph providing reflections of former presidents of Historically Black Colleges and Universities discussing leadership, mission, challenges, successes, and issues of race and education. Interviewer: Loretta Parham, CEO & Library Director, Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library. Interviewee: Dr. Joseph B. Johnson, President, Grambling State University 1997-1991; President, Talladega College 1991-1998
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