418 research outputs found
Life Satisfaction and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: An Analysis of 48 Nations
No full textI will be presenting alone. Dr. Cramer has supervised my project, which is based off of findings from a similar study conducted for Wave 6 by Ms. Denise Deblock and Dr. Cramer.To assess whether Maslow's hierarchy of needs can predict life satisfaction, the present study utilizes Wave 7 (2017-2020) of the World Values Survey. These data include questions on health and financial satisfaction, as well as trust and confidence in societal institutions disseminated to over 69 000 individuals from 48 countries. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, it is predicted that greater life satisfaction will be subsequently predicted by health satisfaction at the first level, financial satisfaction at the second level, and trust and confidence at the third level. Data were split by both the individual and national levels to determine how life satisfaction can be predicted by individuals and nations. Based on previous findings from Wave 6 (2010-2014), we anticipate that financial satisfaction and income (aligning with Maslow's second level) are more important predictors of greater life satisfaction than health satisfaction (aligning with Maslow's first level). Results will provide important implications regarding the application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs at both the individual and national levels
When career paths cease to exist : a qualitative study of career behavior in a crisis economy
No full textUsing grounded theory methodology, this study examines the ways young professionals describe their career paths in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. We interviewed a sample of 29 Greek women professionals (24 to 32 years old) to examine their career behavior during this recession. Findings reveal prevailing effects of professional identity and profession-consistent learning goals on participants’ career behavior. Specifically, those individuals without a strong professional identity or profession-consistent learning goals are more likely to anticipate and engage in career activities unrelated to their professions, a group whom we refer to as Shifters. In contrast, Sustainers, a group having strong career identity and profession-focused learning, are far more likely to anticipate and engage in career activities tied to their profession. Based on these findings, we develop postulates regarding career behavior in contexts of severe austerity and recession where conventional career paths have broken down.© 2015. The attached document (embargoed until 28/09/2015) is an author produced version of a paper published in the Journal of Vocational Behavior, uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self- archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.09.009. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it
Maclean's University Rankings 2018: Misled Again
No full textUsing a protocol of statistical tools and procedures, we provide an empirical examination of Maclean's 2018 magazine rankings of Canadian universities based on the analysis of approximately 40 indices. The ranking system utilized by Maclean's may cause a variety of very real consequences, not only ill-fated to student consumers' well-being but also to the universities and their surrounding communities. Analyses were divided by Canadian university category (Medical Doctoral, Comprehensive, and Primarily Undergraduate), and included: (a) Spearman rho correlations of index scores to final ranks, (b) Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare higher- versus lower-ranked institutions, and (c) a cluster analysis to derive comparable families of similar institutions. Canadian universities, in reality, resemble and relate to each other in a way very different than the system of final rank ordering and formal classification that Maclean's claims to use. Overall, the analysis showed (a) nonsignificant and largely inconsistent relationships based on the correlation between index scores and final ranks and (b) trivial differences between higher and lower-ranked institutions. Additionally, and consistent with analysis from years prior, we found that Maclean's annual analyses using a rank-based approach to evaluate universities offers inadequate practical use, different from their continually advertised intentions of providing consumers all they need to know to choose the right university
Targeted M&A Performance: Post-Acquisition Process and Organizational Integration
No full textCorporations use mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a tactic in implementing strategy,
yet the rate of outcomes that meet targeted performance remains relatively low. Given the
importance and frequency of M&A utilization in management strategy, it is critical that the
success rate in achieving targeted perfomaance improve so that M&A are viable strategic options
for industry. Although pre-acquisition factors and processes such as financial due diligence and
strategic fit may improve the chance of success, significant evidence of correlation between these
elements and targeted performance outcomes does not exist. Further, companies will continue to
combine in’espective ofpre-acquisition coMitions and thus need assistance fi’om research in
post-acquisition moderators of success.
Much of the research of post-acquisition M&A has developed along disciplinary lines
where the process of functional integration is studied separately from integration of people in the
merged organization. This study examines the contribution of both the functional integration and
human capital integration to the targeted post-acquisition performance outcome. A systematic
review of research explores post-acquisition integration literature to identify moderators of
achievement of targeted performance.
The evidence collected supports the theory that successful post-acquisition integration of
combined processes and organizational elements correlates to successful achievement of targeted
acquisition perforrnance. Further, the research supports the theory that, although pre-acquisition
factors influence integration, the post-acquisition process moderates achievement of the targeted
performance outcome. The analysis also provides evidence regarding the importance of
leadership, management of employee-level dynamics, as well as completion of organizational and process integration prior to realization of synergies and targeted post-acquisition
performance. Thus, where many companies identify the end of the post-acquisition process as
the point at which functions combine as targeted, research suggests that closure also needs to
occur on the organizational integration side to optimize possible synergies and acquisition
performance.Targeted M&A Performance: Post-Acquisition Process and Organizational Integration
Sheila Dempsey Chickene
A Thesis
Submitted to the
Graduate Faculty
of
University of Mm’yland University College
in Partial Fulfillment of
The Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Management
Advisory Committee:
Dr. Thomas Mierzwa
Dr. Denise Breckon
March 2013
UMI Number: XXXXXXX
Copyright 2013 by
Chickene, Sheila Dempsey
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DOCTOR OF MANAGEMENT DEGREE
DISSERTATION APPROVAL FORM
Candidate Sheila Dempsey Chickene has completed all the necessary dissertation
requirements of University of Maryland University College’s Doctor of Management
Program.
APPROVED:
Committee Chah’:
Dr. Thomas J. Mierzwa March 2, 2013
Date:
Committee Co-Chair:
Dr. Denise A. Breckon March 2, 2013
Date:
iii
Abstract
Corporations use mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a tactic in implementing strategy,
yet the rate of outcomes that meet targeted performance remains relatively low. Given the
importance and frequency of M&A utilization in management strategy, it is critical that the
success rate in achieving targeted perfomaance improve so that M&A are viable strategic options
for industry. Although pre-acquisition factors and processes such as financial due diligence and
strategic fit may improve the chance of success, significant evidence of correlation between these
elements and targeted performance outcomes does not exist. Further, companies will continue to
combine in’espective ofpre-acquisition coMitions and thus need assistance fi’om research in
post-acquisition moderators of success.
Much of the research of post-acquisition M&A has developed along disciplinary lines
where the process of functional integration is studied separately from integration of people in the
merged organization. This study examines the contribution of both the functional integration and
human capital integration to the targeted post-acquisition performance outcome. A systematic
review of research explores post-acquisition integration literature to identify moderators of
achievement of targeted performance.
The evidence collected supports the theory that successful post-acquisition integration of
combined processes and organizational elements correlates to successful achievement of targeted
acquisition perforrnance. Further, the research supports the theory that, although pre-acquisition
factors influence integration, the post-acquisition process moderates achievement of the targeted
performance outcome. The analysis also provides evidence regarding the importance of
leadership, management of employee-level dynamics, as well as completion of organizational
iv
and process integration prior to realization of synergies and targeted post-acquisition
performance. Thus, where many companies identify the end of the post-acquisition process as
the point at which functions combine as targeted, research suggests that closure also needs to
occur on the organizational integration side to optimize possible synergies and acquisition
performance.
Dedication
V
This dissertation is dedicated to family members who were instrumental in the
completion of this body of work. First to my hnsband Paul, son Michael, and daughter Alexa,
thank you for pushing me to get the work done when it would have been nmre fun to do other
things. Thank you as well as for your unwavering belief in nay ability to complete the work
needed for my doctorate and this dissertation. I look forward to our increased time together!
To my Mom and Dad, Marie and Joe Dempsey, thank you for raising your 14 children to
believe anything is possible and for cheering us on even when you may not have agreed with our
choices. To my sister Karen Dempsey, who instigated this adventure, I look forward to
celebrating your eventual Ph.D. completion. To Marianne and Joe Chickene, my second parents,
thank you for your support and enconragement tlu’oughout. Lastly, to Lisa K Hill, my fi’iend
since kindergarten thanks for jumping in as my surrogate at Michael’s graduation - it was
inevitable that the two graduations would coincide.
vi
Ackno~vledgement
I look fondly back on the learning gained through my doctoral experience and have many
to acknowledge for their hand in the successful completion of both my coursework and this
dissertation. First, thank you to Dr. Thomas Mierzwa and Dr. Denise Breckon for acting as
advisor, coach, and editor throughout nay dissertation journey. Yore" guidance was a precious
gift.
In addition to my advisors, i ~vould also like to aclmowledge those in my cohol~t that
journeyed along with me including Rajesh Radakrishnan, Amanda Lle~vellyn, Tammy
Borkowski, Steve Gantz, Dainty Ebb, and Shaun Vaughns. There was definitely strength in
numbers. I feel blessed to have been part of such a talented group of scholars. May your new
knowledge serve you well!
vii
© Copyright by
Sheila Dempsey Chickene
2013
Table of Contents
viii
Table of Contents ...............................................................................v..i.ii
List of Tables ..............................................................................................x. i
List of Figures ............................................................................................x..i
Chapter 1 : Introduction ..........................................................................1.
Background ....................................................................................... 1
Problem Statement ...........................................................................5
Research Questions .......................................................................7
Scope of Study ..................................................................................8
Significance of This Research ...........................................................10
Dissertation Chapters ............................................................................11
Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................1..2
Overview .........................................................................................1.2 .
Pre-Acquisition Influences that Create Unique Acquisition Starting Points ....... 12
Perspectives in Post-Acquisition Integration ............................................... 16
Leadership and Communication in Process and Organizational Integration ........ 18
The Influence of Employee-Level Dynamics on Integration ..............................23
Development of a Combined Organizational Culture ....................................... 26
Management of Transition Process and Activities ...................................2..8
The Influence of Processes mad Organization in Post-Acquisition integration.. 32
Chapter 3: Conceptual Framework ........................................................3.5
Introduction ..............................................................................3..5
Conceptual Model Description ..............................................................36
Variables of the Analysis ................................................................ 38
Hypotheses ......................................................................................3.9
Summary of the Research Model ..................................................................44
ix
Chapter 4: Research Method ..................................................................47
Introduction ..............................................................................4.7
Research Objectives ......................................................................4.7
Research Methodology ..................................................................47
Search Strategy ..........................................................................4.9
Data Collection Methods ............................................................... 52
Research Constraints and Limitations ...................:. ............................ 54
Threats to Validity ........................................................................ 55
Subject Matter Expert (SME) Review .................................................57
Chapter 5: Analysis of Findings ............................................................ 58
Introduction ...............................................................................5.8
Systematic Literature Search Results ................................................. 58
Characteristics of Excluded Studies ................................................... 59
Characteristics of Included Studies .................................................... 62
Synthesis of Included Studies .......................................................... 63
Pre-Acquisition Factors & a Well-Executed Post-Acquisition ................... 67
Externally Focused Pre-Acquisition Factors ............................... 68
Internally Focused Pre-Acquisltion Factors ................................ 71
Externally & Internally Focused Pre-Acquisition Factors ............... 74
Leadership and Communication ...................................................... 77
Employees and Organizational Cultm’e ..............................................81
Orgaaaizational and Process integration .............................................. 84
X
Limitations ................................................................................88
Problem Definition ........................................................... 89
Literature Search .............................................................. 89
Gathering Infol~nation fi’om Included Studies ........................... 90
Methods within Individual Studies. ........................................ 91
Integration of Evidence from Individual Studies ........................... 91
Intel~retation of Evidence ................................................... 92
Presentation of Results ........................................................ 92
Conclusion ...................................................................................... 93
Chapter 6: Implications for Management ..................................................... 100
Introduction ..............................................................................100
Implications for Management Theory ................................................. 100
Implications for Management Practice ................................................ 101
Future Trends in M&A .................................................................1.03
Recommendations for Future Research ............................................... 105
References ....................................................................................................109
Appendices ...................................................................................................124
Appendix A: Matrix of Merger and Acquisition Types ........................... 124
Appendix B: Selection Criteria ....................................................... 125
Appendix C: Assesslnent Criteria Tool (ACT) ......................................126
Appendix D: Search Strings ............................................................127
Appendix E: Results of Systematic Literature Search ............................. 128
Appendix F: Sources of Literature ................................................... 129
Appendix G: SME Response Folan ................................................... 130
List of Tables
xi
Table 1 :
Table 2:
Table 3:
Table 4:
Table 5:
Table 6:
Table 7:
Table 8:
Table 9:
Table 10:
Table 11:
Table 12:
Summary of Propositions Derived from Literature Review ................
Summary of Propositions, Variables, and Hypotheses ........................
Summary of Sem’ch Themes .......................................................
Search String Strategy Summary ....................................................
Excluded Studies .....................................................................
Included Study Summaries .........................................................
Externally Focused Pre-Acquisition Factor Studies and Findings .....
Internally Focused Pre-Acquisition Factor Studies and Findings ......
Externally & Internally Focused Pre-Acquisition Factor Studies and
Findings .......................................................................
Leadership and Communication Studies & Findings ..........................
Employee-Level Dynamics & Organizational Culture Studies and
Findings .........................................................................
Organizational & Process Integration Studies and Findings .................
34
45
51
52
61
64
71
73
76
81
84
88
Figure 1 :
Fignre 2:
Figure 3:
List of Figures
Conceptual Model of Post-Acquisition integration for Targeted M&A
Performance ..........................................................................................
Research Model and Hypotheses ....................................................
Evidence Based Model and Hypotheses ..................................
37
46
94
POST-M&A INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE 1
Background
Chapter 1: Introduction and Research Problem
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are primary tactics in the arena of corporate strategy for
growth and sustainability. Thomson Financial figures show that an estimated 10,000 US
mergers and acquisitions occun’ed in 2006 (Marks & Vansteenkiste, 2008). Cartwright and
Schoenberg (2006) put the global rate at about 30,000 acquisitions in 2004. In spite of its use as
a tactic in corporate growth, estimates of success rates continue to be no higher than about 25-
34% (Deutsch & West, 2010). Some of the highest success rates are estimated at 50%
(Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Further, Marks and Mirvis (1992) claim 33% of M&A result
in resale within five years of acquisition. As such, Haspeslagh and Jemison (1987), refer to
M&A as a risky vehicle for strategic renewal while Pablo and Javidan (2002) categorize the
M&A record of accomplishment as mediocre. Moreover, research indicates that despite decades
of study of factors such as acquisition relatedness, prior acquisition experience, and
organizational complementarity, antecedents for achievement of targeted financial outcomes
remain tmknown (Hitt, Harrison, Ireland, & Best, 1998; King, Dalton, Daily, & Covin, 2004).
Hitt et al. (1998) state, "the fact that acquisitive growth is a significant firm strategy and
many acquisitions are not successful suggests an inadequate theoretical and practical
understanding of this complex phenomenon" (p. 92). Many disciplines are attempting to
understand how acquisition integration processes can improve the probability of success
(Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Research identifies four primary schools of thought that
attempt to explain these phenomena including financial, strategic management, process, and
organizational perspectives (Birkinshaw, Bresman, & HSkanson, 2000; Cartwright &
POST-M&A INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE 2
Schoenberg, 2006; Chatteljee, Lubatldn, Schweiger, & Weber, 1992; Creasy, Stull, & Peck,
2009; Harrison, Hitt, Hoskisson, & Ireland, 199t; and Homburg & Bucerius, 2006). Haspeslagh
and Jemison (1987) identify two phases of the M&A process - the activities that occur before the
signing of the agreement and the integration phase that occurs thereafter. The financial and
strategic management schools of thought tend to research the former whereas the majority of the
process and organizational studies align with the latter (Birkinshaw et al., 2000).
The focus of the financial perspective is primarily on wealth creation that results fi’om
efficiencies or synergies in acquisitions (Birkinsha~v et al., 2000; Cartwright & Schoenberg,
2006; and Harrison et al., 1991). The strategic management perspective focuses on the
compatibility or strategic fit of the merging organizations prior to acquisition (Birkinsha~v et al.,
2000; Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Through the 1980’s, the majority of research in M&A
focused on the financial and strategic fit of the acquiring and acquired firms (Barkema &
Schijven, 2008; Nahavandi & Malekzadeh, 1988).
Despite the volume of research in the pre-acquisition arena, Harvey and Lusch (1995)
describe the lack of a comprehensive due diligence model as "disquieting" (p. 5) and call for
expanded resem’ch in this area. A decade later King et al. (2004) provide meta-analytic evidence
of a lack of economic or strategic antecedents of acquisition financial performance. The authors
determined that financial and strategic management factors were not capable of explaining the
success or failure and recommended searching for additional antecedents of success. Although
research continues in the pre-acquisition phase, Barkema and Schijven (2008) note a recent shift
in research to the post-acquisition process with potential to enhance or even predict the
realization of intended acquisition synergies. Given that poor fiscal and strategic due diligence is
not a sufficient explanation for all failures; research needs to look beyond the pre-acquisition
phase of M&A and investigate the post-acquisition phase.
POST-M&A INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE 3
In the process and organizational perspectives, the focus is primarily on post-acquisition
management, with evidence that the due diligence phase also benefits from understanding both
process and organizational integration during post-acquisition. The process perspective
investigates the role that an integration strategy and subsequent actions have on the outcome
while an organizational perspective focuses on employee and cultural dynamics of the
integration process (Cartwright and Schoenberg, 2006). Jemison and Sitkin (1986) define the
process perspective as "the acquisition process itselt" (p. 145) and focus on activities that occur
tbxoughout the acquisition. Birldnshaw et al. (2000) define the process perspective as task
integration in the post-acquisition phase of M&A.
If due diligence in the areas of financial and strategic compatibility are insufficient
predictors of success, then study of post-acquisition and these latter areas of process and
organizational integration may provide sought after answers. Cartwright and Schoenberg (2006)
comment that research and insight have tended to develop along disciplinary lines rather than in
a holistic or multi-disciplinary approach. Cartwright and Cooper (1995) recommend a multi-disciplinary
approach to allow for a "collective rather than fragmented contribution to our
understanding of the phenomena" (p. 41). In their study of successful and unsuccessful
acquisitions, Hittet al. (1998) concur with Cartwright and Cooper in concluding that no one
single theory fully explained the success or failure of acquisitions. Whereas fi
From Hiroshima to the hydrogen bomb: American artists witness the birth of the atomic age
No full textThis dissertation investigates the visual legacy of the atomic bomb as viewed through the eyes of a distinct set of witnesses, American artists who came into contact with the physical and psychological after-effects of the bomb from the atomic attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, through the years leading up to the implementation of the partial test-ban treaty in 1963. While technical jargon, metaphorical language, and jingoistic sentiment all helped to shape public attitudes about the bombings, the visual condensation of the atomic experience into a single image, that of the mushroom cloud, offered a limited perspective of the bomb's unique capacity for destruction. Censorship of photographs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki shielded the public from troubling images of victims on the ground. Unseen dangers, such as lingering radiation at the bomb sites, as well as the creeping global menace of nuclear fallout from atmospheric testing, were difficult to communicate through visual media. The escalation of the arms race between the United States and Russia gave birth to existential dread over the unimaginable consequences of a large-scale nuclear war.
Living in the shadow of the bomb, a handful of American artists turned to an interpretative visual language to give form to a terror of dimensions impossible to assimilate. Acknowledging that the scope and brutality of destruction of World War II had reshaped their vision of the world, these artists rejected conventional imagery as simply inadequate to represent the uncertain realities of the postwar era. But rather than adopt a language of abstraction that could be loosely interpreted as a reverberation of the anxiety of those years, instead, these artists applied expressive visual styles to highly-charged subject matter that sought to address, head-on, the human fallout of America's experimentations with the bomb. In a broader sense, this dissertation is an investigation into what it means to be a witness to the first atomic age, both in the historical sense, of being present at critical events in the timeline of nuclear development; and in the ethical sense, of being compelled to bear witness to the use, testing, and proliferation of nuclear weapons.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 499-510)
. 1094 Año 22 (2023) septiembre. El Tlacuache
No full textEl Palacio de Cortés de Cuernavaca puede considerarse como uno de los edificios más emblemáticos de la época colonial del área de América latina.- La sala del congreso del Palacio de Cortés. La pinturamural como documento de los programas gubernamentales del estado de Morelos (1897-1938) por Federico Cambieri y Denise Charua Ayala.Acevedo E. y García P. (coordinadoras), México y la invención del arte latinoamericano 1910-1950, Secretaría de Relaciones exteriores México, México, 2011.
Barreto Zamudio, Carlos; Crespo, María Victoria (coordinadores), Zapatismos: nuevas aproximaciones a la lucha campesina y su legado posrevolucionario, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Estudios Regionales, México, 2020.
Canseco M., Uruñuela J., Villareal Lozano J., Villareal reyes, A., Tarazona – Presencia en Coahuila y en el mundo, Coordinación Editorial de la Secretaría de Cultura de Coahuila, México, 2012.
Casey, Margaret A., The Mexican Mural Movement 1900-1930, PhD thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992.
Chavero, D. Alfredo, Riva Palacio, D. Vicente (coordinador), México a través de los Siglos, Tomo Primero, Ballescá y Comp.a Editores, México, 1882.
Cimet Shoijet, Esther, Olvidemos nuestro enfado. Imágenes de la institucionalización, Instituto de Bellas Artes y Literatura, México, 2008.
Crespo, Horacio (coordinador), Historia de Morelos – Tierra, gente, tiempos del Sur, Tomo VI Creación del estado, Leyvinismo y Porfiriato, Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, 2018.
Crespo, M. Victoria, Anaya Merchant, Luis (coordinadores), Historia de Morelos – Tierra, gente, tiempos del Sur, Tomo VIII Política y sociedad en el Morelos posrevolucionario y contemporáneo Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, México, 2018.
Fuentes Rojas Elizabeth, La Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios: una producción artística comprometida, Tesis de Doctorado de Historia del Arte, UNAM, México, 1995.
Garrido, Esperanza, La pintura mural mexicana, su filosofía e intención didáctica, Sophia – Collección de Filosofía de la Educación, núm. 6, pp. 53-72, Universidad Politécnica salesiana, Ecuador, 2009.
González Torres, Claudio, Zapatismo legislativo. Zapatistas en las legislaturas del Morelos posrevolucionario 1930.1956, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Centro de Investigación en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, 2023.
Kiddle, Amelia Marie, La Politica del Buen Amigo: Mexican - Latin American Relations during the Presidency of Lazaro Cardenas, 1934-1940, University Libraries, University of Arizona, 2010.
López González, Valentín, El palacio de Cortés de Cuernavaca, Universidad de Morelos, Monografías morelenses, 1958.
López Hernández, Haydeé, De la gloria prehispánica al socialismo. Las políticas indigenistas del Cardenismo, Cuicuilco Numero 57, México, 2013.
Martina Leal, Luisa (compiladora), El porfiriato, Universidad Autónoma-Azcapozalco, México, 2006.
Schávelzon, Daniel (compilador), La polémica del arte nacional en México - 1850-1910, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 1988.
Vasconcelos, José, La raza cósmica, Espasa – Calpe Mexicana, México, 1948.Fotografía: Mitzi de Lara Duarte, 2021
When the pen becomes a sword: Race and class consciousness in the literature of the West Indian writers Jacques Roumain, Etienne Lero, Gilbert Gratian, 1993
No full textThis thesis considers the influence of three West Indian writers who contributed to the development of Negritude as a literary, social and political phenomenon. The author shows that the racial awareness central to the Negritude movement was strongly affected by the experiences in Haiti and Martinique in particular. The thesis is comprised of three chapters and a conclusion. The first examines the awakening of racial consciousness in Paris in the 1930s and 40s, placing those developments in literary and historical perspective. This chapter also serves as an introduction to the milieu of West Indian and black American writers who were aggressively active in deriving a literary response to racial oppression. The second and third chapters analyze the roles of individual writers. The second chapter probes the writings of Jacques Roumain. He made an impression with his Marxist analysis of the Haitian situation, pushed for an indigenous Haitian literature, and developed the peasant novel. By using excerpts from essays, poems, and his novel, Gouverneurs de la Rosee, the writer details the influence of this Haitian author on Negritude writers. The third chapter considers two lesserstudied writers, the Martinicans Etienne Lero and Gilbert Gratiant. Gratiant embraced the mixed cultural heritage of Martinique, while Lero fought for an African outlook in initiating Legitime Defense, and through other contributions. An exploration of a small sampling of their work will help to clarify the context of color and caste in Martinique. The conclusion summarizes the authors social critique of French civilization and shows that the experiences of the West Indian authors discussed in the thesis influenced the principal leaders of Negritude--Leopold Sedar Senghor, Leon Damas and Aime Cesaire--and that this can be seen in the conceptions the Negritude movement embraced
Automatic documentation generation from source code
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 46).Many systems lack robust documentation because writing documentation comes at a cost for developers and offers little immediate benefits. To motivate developers to write more documentation, we need a framework that beneficially incorporates documentation into the functionalities of the codebase. We explored this idea in the context of Exhibit, a data publishing framework developed at MIT CSAIL's Haystack group. Exhibit enables those without much programming experience to create data-rich interactive webpages. We created an automatic documentation system with an approach that motives the creation of rich specifications by developers, which leads to good documentation. The code required for documentation benefits developers by simplifying the codebase and providing fault tolerance through a modular error checking mechanism. This system intends to aid new and returning users of Exhibit in learning the Exhibit syntax and in creating their Exhibits by providing extensive, up-to-date documentation for all the available views and facets in Exhibit along with an interactive example component. The interactive example component provides an interface that allows users to experiment with combinations of the different settings and also aids developers during the unit testing process.by Denise Che.M. Eng
Book Report
No full textTitle: Evidence from earth observation satellites Editors: Ray Purdey and Denise Leung Date and place of publication: Leiden, 2013 Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff ISBN number: 978 90 04 19443 4 Title: Electronic Signatures for B2B Contracts Author: Aashish Srivastava Date and place of publication: India, 2013 Publisher: Springer ISBN number: 978 81 322 0742 9 Title: Digital Evidence in Criminal Law Author: Daniel M. Scanlan Date and place of publication: 2011, Canada Publisher: Thomson Reuters Canada Limited ISBN number: 978 0 88804 502
Book Report
No full textTitle: Evidence from earth observation satellites Editors: Ray Purdey and Denise Leung Date and place of publication: Leiden, 2013 Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff ISBN number: 978 90 04 19443 4 Title: Electronic Signatures for B2B Contracts Author: Aashish Srivastava Date and place of publication: India, 2013 Publisher: Springer ISBN number: 978 81 322 0742 9 Title: Digital Evidence in Criminal Law Author: Daniel M. Scanlan Date and place of publication: 2011, Canada Publisher: Thomson Reuters Canada Limited ISBN number: 978 0 88804 502
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