1,721,062 research outputs found
Moving beyond DTI: non-gaussian diffusion in the brain and skeletal muscle
Get PDFDiffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is a diagnostic technique able to provide in- vivo measures that are related to the microstructure of tissues. Thanks to the sensitivity to microstructural tissue changes, Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) and derived metrics, as the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) , became the gold standard for the detection of strokes and ischemia since the early 90‟s. In 1994 Basser and colleagues introduced Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), the first quantification approach able to capture the anisotropy of the diffusion process in in-vivo biological tissues. Chapter II shows the results we obtained applying DTI to investigate white matter alterations of a population affected by Friedreich‟s Ataxia.
After more than 20 years from its introduction, DTI is still widely applied. However, concerns about the limitations of the technique have been increasingly risen over-time, with particular reference to the lack of specificity of the model and the coexistence of tissues with multiple architectures. Additionally, the tensor model can be applied only to a range of “moderate” diffusion sensitizations, after which the presence of biological membranes becomes non-negligible and gives origin to phenomena of “non-Gaussian diffusion”, that violate the assumptions of the model. Chapter III and Chapter IV deal specifically with these limitations, addressing the problem with two different approaches and applications. Another popular technique to investigate the dMRI signal is Spherical Deconvolution (SD), that in Chapter IV is presented in a tissue specific formulation and applied to derive diffusivity metrics specific to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid, both in healthy controls and in a patient affected by MS.
Since the early days of dMRI, experiments have been performed not only in the brain but in several body districts, including the skeletal muscle. Back in 1986 Le Bihan et al. observed that the water flowing in the micro vascular network and in the vessels was contributing to the acquisition of data at very low diffusion sensitization, and proposed the “Intra- Voxel Incoherent Motion” (IVIM) model. IVIM can be seen either as a model to obtain measures of pseudo-diffusion, or as a technique to obtain perfusion free ADC measures, thus recognizing it as an artifact. Although dMRI and DTI were applied to the skeletal muscle since its early days, later evolutions as Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging have only recently been applied to the skeletal muscle to fit dMRI data acquired at strong diffusion sensitization. The concepts of IVIM and DKI are developed in Chapter V, where the effects of the first on DTI and DKI, as well as the relation between DTI and DKI metrics are investigated through simulations and MRI data of the calf.
In line with the current dMRI literature, the first 5 chapters of this thesis depict the diffusion signal as a complex measure arising from multiple tissue components. Chapter VI investigates a multi-compartment pseudo-continuous deconvolution approach, a technique that does not require explicit modeling of the tissues. Finally, Chapter VII presents an overview of other research topics I have work on during the PhD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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