1,721,486 research outputs found
The acquisition of nationality by potentially stateless children: observations on the Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on the reduction of Statelessness
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The acquisition of nationality by potentially stateless children: observations on the Articles 1-4 of the 1961 Convention on the reduction of Statelessness
No full textnot availabl
A naval travesty : the dismissal of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, 1917
No full textThis dissertation relates to the dismissal of Admiral Jellicoe, First Sea Lord from November 1916 to December 1917, by Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of the Admiralty, at the behest of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. The dismissal was peremptory and effected without rational explanation, despite Jellicoe having largely fulfilled his primary mission of combating the German U-boat threat to British merchant shipping. The outcome of the war may well have been affected if the level of shipping losses sustained through U-boat attack in April 1917 had continued unabated.
The central argument of the dissertation is that the dismissal was unjustified. As an adjunct, it argues that the received view of certain historians that Jellicoe was not successful as First Sea Lord is unwarranted and originates from severe post war critism of Jellicoe by those with a vested interest in justifying the dismissal, notably Lloyd George.
Supporting these arguments, the following assertions are made. Firstly, given the legacy Jellicoe inherited when joining the Admiralty, through the strategies adopted, organisational changes made and initiatives undertaken in anti-submarine weapons development, the progress made in countering the U-boat threat was notable. Secondly, the universal criticism directed at the Admiralty over the perceived delay in introducing a general convoy system for merchant shipping is not sustainable having regard to primary source documentation. Thirdly, incidents that occurred during the latter part of 1917, and suggested as being factors which contributed to the dismissal, can be discounted. Fourthly, Lloyd George conspired to involve General Haig, Commander of the British Forces France, and the press baron, Lord Northcliffe, in his efforts to mitigate any potential controversy that might result from Jellicoe’s removal from office. Finally, the arguments made by a number of commentators that the Admiralty performed better under Jellicoe’s successor, Admiral Wemyss, is misconceived
Service not self : the British Legion, 1921-1939
No full textThe organisation of ex-service men into a mass membership movement was a
new departure in British life. Four main groups came together in 1921 to form the
British Legion. On its establishment, the leadership, who were predominantly high-
ranking ex-officers, had high hopes of forming an extremely powerful and influential
organisation. Due to a number of inherent flaws in the Legion's ideology,
composition and character, the organisation never became a truly mass movement of
all ex-service men. This work looks at the dynamics of the movement and provides
insights into the motivations of its leaders and their impact upon the organisation. It
provides a detailed account of the structure of the Legion and explores the strengths
and weaknesses of the movement. The existence of a semi-autonomous Officer's
Benevolent Department, a subordinate Women's Section, and an independent Legion
in Scotland reveal the serious rifts within this superficially unified movement. The
paradox of low officer involvement combined with an almost exclusively officer
leadership contributed to low membership and other factors such as geography,
unemployment and finance are considered in the discussion of Legion membership.
Divisions between leaders and led on policy and methods are explored in an
examination of Legion democracy. A full examination of the Legion's practical work
and the attitudes which underpinned that activity confirms the Legion's position as a
voluntary society with traditional charitable views. A detailed examination of the
Legion's struggles over pension legislation gives an insight into Government attitudes
towards ex-service men and also reveals the inherent weakness of the Legion's
position when dealing with politicians. An analysis of the Legion's contacts with
foreign ex-service men penetrates the Legion's rhetoric and reveals the real
motivations and attitudes of the Legion leaders who developed and executed the
Legion's foreign policy. Ultimately, this study provides important conclusions about
the nature of the British ex-service movement
De arresten Ruiz Zambrano en McCarthy : Het Hof van Justitie en het effectieve genot van EU burgerschapsrechten
No full textIn de zaak Ruiz Zambrano heeft het Hof van Justitie verklaard dat een staatsburger van een derde staat zich op artikel 20 VWEU kan beroepen om aanspraak te maken op het recht van verblijf en afgifte van een werkvergunning in de lidstaat waar zijn ten laste komende kinderen verblijven en waarvan zij de nationaliteit bezitten. Deze uitspraak heeft potentieel vergaande gevolgen voor het EU-recht en de ontwikkeling van de beginselen inzake het EU-burgerschap in het algemeen, en voor de rechtspositie van EU-burgers die geen gebruik hebben gemaakt van hun vrije verkeersrechten in het bijzonder. Bijna twee maanden later echter oordeelde het Hof van Justitie in de zaak McCarthy dat EU-burgers die nooit hun recht op vrij verkeer hebben uitgeoefend, zich niet kunnen beroepen op het EU-burgerschap om het verblijf van hun echtgenoot die uit een derde land komt, te regulariseren. Het heeft er dus alle schijn van dat het Hof van Justitie in McCarthy al meteen de eerste gelegenheid te baat heeft genomen om eventuele scherpe kantjes van Ruiz Zambrano af te vijlen.HvJ EU (Grote Kamer) 8 maart 2011, zaak C-34/09, Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano/Rijksdienst voor Arbeidsvoorziening (RVA), n.n.g. en HvJ EU (Derde Kamer) 5 mei 2011, zaak C-434/09, Shirley McCarthy/Secretary of State for the Home Department, n.n.g
De arresten Ruiz Zambrano en McCarthy : Het Hof van Justitie en het effectieve genot van EU burgerschapsrechten
No full textIn de zaak Ruiz Zambrano heeft het Hof van Justitie verklaard dat een staatsburger van een derde staat zich op artikel 20 VWEU kan beroepen om aanspraak te maken op het recht van verblijf en afgifte van een werkvergunning in de lidstaat waar zijn ten laste komende kinderen verblijven en waarvan zij de nationaliteit bezitten. Deze uitspraak heeft potentieel vergaande gevolgen voor het EU-recht en de ontwikkeling van de beginselen inzake het EU-burgerschap in het algemeen, en voor de rechtspositie van EU-burgers die geen gebruik hebben gemaakt van hun vrije verkeersrechten in het bijzonder. Bijna twee maanden later echter oordeelde het Hof van Justitie in de zaak McCarthy dat EU-burgers die nooit hun recht op vrij verkeer hebben uitgeoefend, zich niet kunnen beroepen op het EU-burgerschap om het verblijf van hun echtgenoot die uit een derde land komt, te regulariseren. Het heeft er dus alle schijn van dat het Hof van Justitie in McCarthy al meteen de eerste gelegenheid te baat heeft genomen om eventuele scherpe kantjes van Ruiz Zambrano af te vijlen.HvJ EU (Grote Kamer) 8 maart 2011, zaak C-34/09, Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano/Rijksdienst voor Arbeidsvoorziening (RVA), n.n.g. en HvJ EU (Derde Kamer) 5 mei 2011, zaak C-434/09, Shirley McCarthy/Secretary of State for the Home Department, n.n.g
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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