1,721,391 research outputs found

    HIGH DENSITY ANALOG CIRCUITS FOR SEMICONDUCTOR PIXEL DETECTORS

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    The research activity carried out in this work is relevant to the design and characterization of high density analog circuits for semiconductor pixel detectors. This activity has been developed in the framework of the CERN RD53 collaboration, whose aim is the design of the next generation of hybrid pixel readout chips for the ATLAS and CMS phase 2 pixel upgrades. In this work, the development of two IP blocks is presented and discussed. In particular, a rad-hard bandgap voltage reference and a differential IO link have been designed and characterized. They will be included in the RD53A demonstrator chip, in particular, in the monitoring and IO sections

    Consumer willingness to pay more for pro-environmental packages: The moderating role of familiarity

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    Institutional regulations and market trends are spurring companies to invest more in pro-environmental and sustainable products. Within the pro-environmental offer, there are several packaging alternatives, from sustainably packaged to unpackaged products – so-called bulk – and/or labels, compelling companies into making a complex investment choice. Further, the required higher investments do not always find consumers' approval. Consumers often consider pro-environmental packaging as excessively expensive. Within this context, this study seeks to understand how to exploit the consumers' greater attention to sustainability and well-being to boost consumers’ willingness to pay more for pro-environmental products. In doing so, the study compares two packaging options (i.e., sustainably packaged products and bulk products). Additionally, the study assesses differences between highly and slightly familiar consumers, evidencing how to properly encounter the expectations of the two segments. The findings, derived by a multigroup structural equation model conducted on 278 structured questionnaires, reveal that health concern impact is more relevant to highly familiar consumers while environmental concern is for slightly familiar consumers. For the latter, label influence plays a primary role in enhancing their willingness to pay more for pro-environmental products. Overall, sustainably packaged products are preferred to unpackaged products

    SHOPPING ACROSS CHANNELS: THE ROLE OF NEED FOR TOUCH

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    Lo sviluppo delle nuove tecnologie sta rivoluzionando il modo in cui i consumatori interagiscono, ricercano informazioni e acquistano prodotti e servizi. Uno studio, indipendente dal tema principale di questa tesi, è presentato nella seconda sezione della stessa, per sottolineare come l’utilizzo dello smartphone da parte delle persone, stia mettendo in luce l’esistenza di un differente target di utilizzatori che richiedono un’offerta customizzata per essere soddisfatti. Di conseguenza, questa tesi di ricerca si focalizza sulla comprensione di come la digitalizzazione stia influenzando la vita dei consumatori e quale impatto questo fenomeno abbia sulla gestione dei retailers che intendono operare su più canali distributivi. Infatti, in linea con la recente letteratura sulla distribuzione, il mercato attuale e le sue dinamiche competitive sono fortemente influenzati dallo sviluppo dei canali di vendita online. In questa prospettiva questo lavoro di ricerca, basandosi sulla letteratura del comportamento di consumo e su quella distributiva, si propone di indentificare il processo d’acquisto del consumatore in un contesto di vendita omnicanale basato sia sul canale fisico che sui canali online, specificatamene: fisico, elettronico e mobile. La tesi presenta un’analisi teorica ed empirica sul comportamento d’acquisto attraverso più canali di vendita. Nello specifico uno degli scopi della tesi è mettere in luce le differenze tra i canali online, evidenziando che i consumatori acquistano in maniera differente nel canale elettronico e in quello mobile. In secondo luogo, vorremmo dimostrare che i canali online possono rappresentare un’alternativa al canale fisico, sebbene con alcuni limiti, in quanto sono costantemente accessibili dai consumatori e sono caratterizzati dalla convenience. Di conseguenza, anche nel contesto dell’acquisto di prodotti alimentari, i distributori possono offrire ai loro consumatori un’esperienza d’acquisto integrata attraverso più canali. Inoltre, in questo studio analizziamo come la propensione dei consumatori al contatto tattile dei prodotti possa influenzare la loro intenzione ad acquistare online prodotti grocery. Infatti, l’assenza di un’esperienza d’acquisto che stimoli i sensi è uno dei principali limiti per la vendita online dei prodotti alimentari. Un questionario strutturato, precedentemente testato su un campione di 55 rispondenti, è stato sviluppato e usato su un panel di 935 acquirenti grocery inglesi per verificare le domande di ricerca e le ipotesi poste nella tesi. I risultati dimostrano che: 1. L’acquisto di prodotti alimentari non è più solamente legato al canale fisico in quanto sono stati individuati nuovi gruppi di acquirenti grocery online. 2. Il canale elettronico e il canale mobile possono essere considerati come due canali indipendenti. 3. Il canale mobile soddisfa la propensione personale dei consumatori al tatto e può essere considerato una coerente alternativa al canale fisico per l’acquisto di prodotti alimentari. I risultati portano a chiare implicazioni per i distributori multicanale: oggi, i distributori alimentari possono proporre ai loro clienti un’esperienza d’acquisto integrata attraverso più canali, quindi anche online.The spread of digital technologies and of the internet is reshaping the way in which consumers interact, as well as search for information and buy products and services. A study, independent from the main theme of the thesis, is presented in the second section, in order to highlight people usage of smartphones, evidencing the existence of different targets of users that need a customized offer to be satisfied. Accordingly, this research thesis focuses in understanding how digitalization is influencing consumers’ lives and which impact this phenomenon has on retailers’ management of multiple retailing channels. In fact, in agreement with the recent retailing literature, the actual marketplace and its competitive dynamics are increasingly affected by the spread of online retailing channels. In this perspective, this research work is grounded in the consumer behaviour and retailing literatures and aims to identify the consumer shopping process in an omnichannel retailing context based on both physical and digital channels, namely: physical, electronic and mobile. The thesis presents a theoretical and empirical analysis on consumers’ shopping behaviour across multiple retailing channels. Specifically, one of the aims of the thesis is shed the light on differences between online channels, evidencing that consumers buy in electronic and mobile channel differently. Second, we would to prove that, although with some limitations, the online channels could represent an alternative to the physical channel, considering that they are constantly accessible by consumers and are characterized by convenience. In this agreement, also in the context of grocery shopping, retailers can offer to their customers an integrated shopping experience across multiple channels. Furthermore, in this study we investigate how consumers’ personal proclivity for touch may influence their intention to buy groceries online. In fact, the absence of a sensorial shopping experience is one of the main limit for sale groceries online. A structured questionnaire, pre-tested on a pilot sample of 55 respondents, was developed and used on a panel of 935 British grocery shoppers to assess proposed research questions and hypotheses. Results show that: 1. The grocery shopping is no longer linked to the physical channel as new groups of online grocery shoppers are identified. 2. Electronic and mobile channels can be considered as two independent channels. 3. The mobile channel suits consumers’ personal proclivity for touch and can be considered a consistent alternative to the physical channel for grocery shopping. Results have clear implications for omnichannel retailers: nowadays, grocery retailers could propose to their customers an integrated shopping experience across multiple channels, included online ones

    Retail Brand Extension: From Theory to Practice. A Multi- Country Study of European Grocery Retailers

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    This chapter reviews the literature on brand extension, with particular reference to retail brand extension strategies performed by grocery retailers. Aims, advantages and disadvantages, as well as types of this strategy are described. Then, the results of a survey aimed at comparing the customers’ perceptions and buying behaviour when retailers extend their brands, in particular when this strategy is pursued in non-traditional businesses, are presented. The survey consisted in administering a structured questionnaire aimed at investigating the main antecedents of brand extension success to samples of retail customers interviewed in two different retail national contexts, namely, Italy and France. The extension product investigated is car fuel offered through a fuel station branded with the retailer’s brand name. Applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), the mediating role of attitude towards the extension (ATEX) in generating brand extension success (INTEX) and the key role of fit and of the perceived capability of the retailer to offer the extension product (R&C) as antecedents were verified in both national contexts. On the contrary, the impact of customers’ preference towards national brands (NBP) reported mixed results

    Consumer perceived ethicality of the retailer and shopping behaviour: the moderating role of consumer’s ethical beliefs

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    Consumers are increasingly prone to make their shopping choices also considering companies’ ethics. However, the positive effects of an ethical approach in running a company’s business still remain largely undefined, especially in the retailing sector where this orientation is in its infancy. To assess the possible benefit of retailer’s ethicality, we propose a study aimed at investigating how the consumer perceived ethicality of the retailer (CPER) affects customer loyalty – conceived in its cognitive-behavioural link – and word-of-mouth, when the moderating role of consumer’s ethical beliefs is considered too. Applying structural equation modelling to data collected through an online survey administered to a sample of shoppers, the proposed model is verified. Results show that CPER affects both repurchase intentions and word-of-mouth, while consumers’ ethical beliefs positively moderate the relationship between consumer perceptions of the ethics of the retailer and positive word-of-mouth but not the link between CPER and repatronage behaviour. Findings also prove that CPER indirectly develops behavioural loyalty to the retailer, through the mediating role of repurchase intentions. In so doing, the study contributes to the consumer behaviour and customer loyalty literature. It also contributes to managerial and practise knowledge proving the important role performed by the retailer’s ethicality in developing customer loyalty

    Retail Brand Equity: un'analisi customer-based

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    Brand equity is considered as a crucial factor in the academic literature as well as in the professional practice. This paper aims at contributing to research on brand equity in retailing (RBE), examining the nature of the construct and of some of its antecedents, together with its mediating role in developing customer loyalty to the retailer. In this sense, the paper develops the scientific knowledge on RBE, investigating it at the retailer as a brand level rather than at the store level as previous literature did so far. To this aim, an integrative model is proposed. A survey is carried out on a sample of retail customers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed to test the postulated model. Results confirm that retail brand awareness and retail perceived value are important retail brand equity dimensions, while trust and consumer self-esteem do not play any direct role, but trust directly impact customer loyalty to the retailer. Additionally, this study confirms the role of retail brand equity as a mediator on customer loyalty to the retailer. Theoretical and managerial implications are derived

    Italian Restaurants in Danish Consumers’ Perceptions: A Multi-Cue Analysis in a Product Country Image Perspective

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    Studies on the country image topic in the services context are rare in comparison with the number of papers investigating the effect that the information on the country of origin exerts on consumer buying behavior when tangible products are concerned. To this regard, the current paper would contribute to the literature on the country-of-origin effect and consumer behavior, exploring the role played by Product Country Image (PCI) in shaping customers attitude when a service offer is concerned – namely: dining services. Specifically, this study tests a conceptual model developed in a multi-cue perspective, that is: evaluating not only the effect of the information on the origin of the service offer investigated, but also assessing consumers’ perceptions related to other service offer cues, such as service quality and perceived value, in this case. A specific national cuisine in the full-service restaurant setting is explored: the Italian one. From the methodological viewpoint, a survey was conducted among Danish customers of Italian restaurants in Copenhagen. The research method employed consisted in a structured questionnaire. Then, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to the data collected. Results evidence that product country image influences the formation of a positive attitude towards ethnic restaurants even when a multi-cue approach is employed. Scientific and managerial implications are discussed
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