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    Tuberous sclerosis: a neuropathological and immunohistochemical (PAP) study.

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    Abstract Clinical, neuropathological, and immunohistochemical (PAP) findings are reported in a 7 month-old girl with Tuberous sclerosis (TS). Polycystic kidneys and massive cardiomegaly constituted the prominent pathological features. The neuropathology of the syndrome was characterized by Megalencephaly, Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, Very large protoplasmic astrocytes in Golgi-rapid method preparations of cortical tubers and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-negative giant cells in the subependymal nodules as well as in the cortical tubers. The identity of these giant cells is discussed

    Vaptans and hyponatremia in critical patients.

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    Hyponatremia is the most frequent fluid and electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients (20%), particularly in ICU, associated with an increase in morbility and mortality. While hypovolaemic hyponatremia needs to be corrected with the replacement of the lost extracellular fluid by isotonic saline, euvolaemic (SIADH) and hypervolaemic hyponatremia (oedematous states like decompensated heart failure, liver cirrhosis, i.e.) are treated by restriction of fluid intake, loop diuretics and hypertonic saline. A novel approach consists in use of vaptans, non-peptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor antagonists. Vaptans cause "aquaresis", which results in the correction of plasma osmolality and serum sodium levels, without activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or changes in blood pressure and renal function. In this paper we critically reviewed the results of the available randomized controlled critical trials, discussing the effectiveness and safety of vaptans in treating hypervolaemic and euvolaemic hyponatremia in critical patients

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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