1,720,954 research outputs found
Antisolvent crystallisation in oscillatory baffled platforms
No full textContinuous manufacturing finds application in a variety of disciplines. It demonstrates a number of advantages, such as more controllable processes and allows particle attributes to be attained that would otherwise be unattainable. Antisolvent crystallisation is a widely used method of crystallisation in both academia and industry. It is employed to crystallise compounds that are not amenable to other techniques such as cooling crystallisation and can be utilised to produce crystal products with unique properties.;Oscillatory baffled crystallisers (OBCs) are platforms that generate intense mixing by the oscillatory motion of fluid through periodic constrictions, referred to as baffles. The oscillatory motion generates eddy currents through these baffles and induce highly turbulent and efficient mixing. By the superimposition of a net flow, the process can operate at near plug-flow conditions and is the principle of the continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser (COBC). OBCs have been extensively studied for cooling crystallisations, but their application in antisolvent crystallisation has been limited.;The continuous antisolvent crystallisation of anthranilic acid in a COBC has been investigated for the first time as a function of antisolvent volume fraction and flow conditions, demonstrating the effects of a number of process variables on product outcomes. Metastable form II polymorph of anthranilic acid was consistently produced in a continuous unseeded antisolvent crystallisation from an ethanol and water solvent system.;The incorporation of process analytical technology (PAT) allowed for monitoring of various process conditions in real time, giving insight into the evolution of the antisolvent crystallisation process in continuous flow. Local mixing effects were deemed to be significant in the COBC at the point of contact of solution and antisolvent, such that variable flow rates at fixed antisolvent compositions resulted in different product sizes whilst resulting in the same final solution concentration.;Polymorph control in a moving baffle oscillatory baffled crystalliser (MBOBC) was demonstrated for the anthranilic acid system. By variation of seeding conditions and startup strategy, the continuous production of either stable form I or metastable form II polymorph could be controlled. This demonstrated a novel continuous nucleation platform for an antisolvent crystallisation process that could potentially be coupled with a COBC or other platform for reliable continuous production of a specified polymorph with targeted crystal attributes.;Growth and secondary nucleation kinetic parameters were determined by means of isothermal seeded batch experiments in a batch moving fluid oscillatory baffled crystalliser (MFOBC). Models were developed from these determined parameters, and further refined by the incorporation of a solvent factor that improved the fit of the model predictions to the experimentally measured attributes. The determined parameters were applied to the optimisation of a 30 m DN15 COBC with multiple antisolvent addition points and demonstrates the first such strategy utilising experimentally determined kinetic parameters.;This work has demonstrated novel approaches for the development of antisolvent crystallisation processes in continuous flow in oscillatory baffled crystallisers, detailing a number of control strategies and advancing the knowledge and understanding of such processes for future implementation.Continuous manufacturing finds application in a variety of disciplines. It demonstrates a number of advantages, such as more controllable processes and allows particle attributes to be attained that would otherwise be unattainable. Antisolvent crystallisation is a widely used method of crystallisation in both academia and industry. It is employed to crystallise compounds that are not amenable to other techniques such as cooling crystallisation and can be utilised to produce crystal products with unique properties.;Oscillatory baffled crystallisers (OBCs) are platforms that generate intense mixing by the oscillatory motion of fluid through periodic constrictions, referred to as baffles. The oscillatory motion generates eddy currents through these baffles and induce highly turbulent and efficient mixing. By the superimposition of a net flow, the process can operate at near plug-flow conditions and is the principle of the continuous oscillatory baffled crystalliser (COBC). OBCs have been extensively studied for cooling crystallisations, but their application in antisolvent crystallisation has been limited.;The continuous antisolvent crystallisation of anthranilic acid in a COBC has been investigated for the first time as a function of antisolvent volume fraction and flow conditions, demonstrating the effects of a number of process variables on product outcomes. Metastable form II polymorph of anthranilic acid was consistently produced in a continuous unseeded antisolvent crystallisation from an ethanol and water solvent system.;The incorporation of process analytical technology (PAT) allowed for monitoring of various process conditions in real time, giving insight into the evolution of the antisolvent crystallisation process in continuous flow. Local mixing effects were deemed to be significant in the COBC at the point of contact of solution and antisolvent, such that variable flow rates at fixed antisolvent compositions resulted in different product sizes whilst resulting in the same final solution concentration.;Polymorph control in a moving baffle oscillatory baffled crystalliser (MBOBC) was demonstrated for the anthranilic acid system. By variation of seeding conditions and startup strategy, the continuous production of either stable form I or metastable form II polymorph could be controlled. This demonstrated a novel continuous nucleation platform for an antisolvent crystallisation process that could potentially be coupled with a COBC or other platform for reliable continuous production of a specified polymorph with targeted crystal attributes.;Growth and secondary nucleation kinetic parameters were determined by means of isothermal seeded batch experiments in a batch moving fluid oscillatory baffled crystalliser (MFOBC). Models were developed from these determined parameters, and further refined by the incorporation of a solvent factor that improved the fit of the model predictions to the experimentally measured attributes. The determined parameters were applied to the optimisation of a 30 m DN15 COBC with multiple antisolvent addition points and demonstrates the first such strategy utilising experimentally determined kinetic parameters.;This work has demonstrated novel approaches for the development of antisolvent crystallisation processes in continuous flow in oscillatory baffled crystallisers, detailing a number of control strategies and advancing the knowledge and understanding of such processes for future implementation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
