18 research outputs found
Reciprocity and impact in academic careers
No full textThe growing importance of citation-based bibliometric indicators in shaping the prospects of academic careers incentivizes scientists to boost the numbers of citations they receive. Whereas the exploitation of self-citations has been extensively documented, the impact of reciprocated citations has not yet been studied. We study reciprocity in a citation network of authors, and compare it with the average reciprocity computed in an ensemble of null network models. We show that obtaining citations through reciprocity correlates negatively with an impactful career in the long term. Nevertheless, at the aggregate level we show evidence of a steady increase in reciprocity over the years, largely fuelled by the citations reciprocated between coauthors. Our results characterize the structure of author networks in a time of increasing emphasis on citation-based indicators, and we discuss their implications towards a fairer assessment of academic impact
The Power of the Dissent and Writing The Future of Justice: Maat, Aristotle\u27s Rhetoric, and Justice Ginsburg\u27s Dissent in Kentucky v. King
No full textThis article explains why Ginsburg\u27s dissent in King is rhetorically superior to the majority opinion. It evaluates, by way of comparing and contrasting, the persuasiveness of the dissent and majority opinions in King. This article examines the opinion through the lens of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and the ancient tenet of Maat. It analyzes Ginsburg and Justice Alito\u27s (Alito) use of rhetorical devices that appeal to persuasion, including logos (appeal to logic), ethos (appeal to credibility), pathos (appeal to emotions), and Maat (rightness in the world). This article concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetoric has a superior appeal to fairness and justice because it is informed by Western rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat. This article introduces the current social climate to highlight why it is an important time to discuss the dissent and majority opinions in King. Part II defines Aristotle\u27s classical rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat.9 Part III discusses the role of the appellate judge and opinion writing. 10 Part IV overviews the Fourth Amendment and defines the exigent circumstance exception. Part V both analyzes the dissent and majority opinions through the frame of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and applies the Afrocentric comparative rhetorical tool of Maat (balance and justice in the world). 12 Part VI then concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetorical devices in the dissent was rhetorically superior to the majority opinion because it has a greater appeal to justice
The Power of the Dissent and Writing The Future of Justice: Maat, Aristotle\u27s Rhetoric, and Justice Ginsburg\u27s Dissent in Kentucky v. King
No full textThis article explains why Ginsburg\u27s dissent in King is rhetorically superior to the majority opinion. It evaluates, by way of comparing and contrasting, the persuasiveness of the dissent and majority opinions in King. This article examines the opinion through the lens of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and the ancient tenet of Maat. It analyzes Ginsburg and Justice Alito\u27s (Alito) use of rhetorical devices that appeal to persuasion, including logos (appeal to logic), ethos (appeal to credibility), pathos (appeal to emotions), and Maat (rightness in the world). This article concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetoric has a superior appeal to fairness and justice because it is informed by Western rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat. This article introduces the current social climate to highlight why it is an important time to discuss the dissent and majority opinions in King. Part II defines Aristotle\u27s classical rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat.9 Part III discusses the role of the appellate judge and opinion writing. 10 Part IV overviews the Fourth Amendment and defines the exigent circumstance exception. Part V both analyzes the dissent and majority opinions through the frame of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and applies the Afrocentric comparative rhetorical tool of Maat (balance and justice in the world). 12 Part VI then concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetorical devices in the dissent was rhetorically superior to the majority opinion because it has a greater appeal to justice
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The Power of the Dissent and Writing The Future of Justice: Maat, Aristotle\u27s Rhetoric, and Justice Ginsburg\u27s Dissent in Kentucky v. King
No full textThis article explains why Ginsburg\u27s dissent in King is rhetorically superior to the majority opinion. It evaluates, by way of comparing and contrasting, the persuasiveness of the dissent and majority opinions in King. This article examines the opinion through the lens of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and the ancient tenet of Maat. It analyzes Ginsburg and Justice Alito\u27s (Alito) use of rhetorical devices that appeal to persuasion, including logos (appeal to logic), ethos (appeal to credibility), pathos (appeal to emotions), and Maat (rightness in the world). This article concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetoric has a superior appeal to fairness and justice because it is informed by Western rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat. This article introduces the current social climate to highlight why it is an important time to discuss the dissent and majority opinions in King. Part II defines Aristotle\u27s classical rhetoric and the ancient tenet of Maat.9 Part III discusses the role of the appellate judge and opinion writing. 10 Part IV overviews the Fourth Amendment and defines the exigent circumstance exception. Part V both analyzes the dissent and majority opinions through the frame of Aristotle\u27s rhetorical model and applies the Afrocentric comparative rhetorical tool of Maat (balance and justice in the world). 12 Part VI then concludes that Ginsburg\u27s use of rhetorical devices in the dissent was rhetorically superior to the majority opinion because it has a greater appeal to justice
Characterization of PLA parts made with AM process
No full textThe main objective of the presented work is to evaluate the thermal behavior of Poly-lactic acid (PLA) parts made with a Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process. By using a robust framework for the testing sequence of PLA parts, with the aim of establishing a standard testing cycle for the optimization of the part performance and quality. The research involves study the materials before and after 3D printing. Two biodegradable PLA polymers are investigated, characterized by different colors (one black and the other transparent). The study starts with the examination of each polymeric material and measurements of its main thermal properties
Study of tapping process of carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites/AA7075 stacks
No full textThe present investigation aims at studying the tapping process of a three-layer stack constituted by two CFRP layers and a core plate in AA7075 aluminum alloy. The CFRP laminates were obtained by a pre-impregnated woven sample made up of T700 carbon fibers and a thermoset epoxy matrix. Tapping experiments were performed on a 5-axis machining center instrumented with a dynamometer to measure thrust force generated during process. A high-speed steel tool, coated with nanocomposite TiAlN, was used. According to the tool manufacturer recommendations, rotational speed and feed rate were 800 rpm and 1000 mm/min, respectively. Similar thrust force time history responses were obtained by tapping different holes, even though the vertical force increases with number of threaded holes. Furthermore, a quantitative evaluation of delamination at the periphery of entry holes was carried out. The delamination at the entry hole strongly increases with number of threaded holes
Study of PMMA materials for a digital optical module
No full textThis work illustrates the material characterization to realize of a prototypal polymeric cover of a Digital Optical Module for the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino experiment. The cover was made of a high transmittance poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA), used as a glass substitute. The main objective of the present research is to investigate the structural and optical properties of PMMA, evaluating the respect of the project specification
An Innovative Friction Stir Welding Based Technique to Produce Dissimilar Light Alloys to Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Joints
No full textAluminum sheets can be joined to composite materials with different techniques. Each of them has
advantages and weak points over the others. In literature, new techniques and patents are continuously
developed to overcome these difficulties. In the paper a new Friction Stir Welding based approach is
proposed to mechanically join AA6082-T6 to self-reinforced polypropylene. The aluminum sheet is
pre-holed along both the sides of the weld line. A pinless tool generates the heat and pressure needed
to activate back-extrusion of the composite. Joints have been produced with varying hole diameter and
pitch. The mechanical resistance of the joint has been evaluated and the different failure modes were
identified. Finally, a numerical model was set up to study the process mechanics by calculating the
distribution of the main field variables, i.e. temperature strain and nodal displacement
Reciprocity and impact in academic careers
No full textThe growing importance of citation-based bibliometric indicators in shaping the prospects of academic careers incentivizes scientists to boost the numbers of citations they receive. Whereas the exploitation of self-citations has been extensively documented, the impact of reciprocated citations has not yet been studied. We study reciprocity in a citation network of authors, and compare it with the average reciprocity computed in an ensemble of null network models. We show that obtaining citations through reciprocity correlates negatively with an impactful career in the long term. Nevertheless, at the aggregate level we show evidence of a steady increase in reciprocity over the years, largely fuelled by the citations reciprocated between coauthors. Our results characterize the structure of author networks in a time of increasing emphasis on citation-based indicators, and we discuss their implications towards a fairer assessment of academic impact
Carbon encapsulation of elemental particles for energy storage
No full textCarboncoating of metallic particles are of considerable interest in a number of contexts.One is related to the high reactivity of nanoparticles below the size of 100nm. It is, therefore, necessary to protect or passivate them so as to preventtheir reaction with air[1]. Due to this high reactivity, nanoparticles alsotend to agglomerate and, in the process, tend to lose the functionality arisingfrom their small size. For this and other similar purposes, carbon is an idealmaterial for encapsulation due to its high stability even at extremeconditions. The high stability of carbon both in acidic and alkalineenvironments, together with their high electrical conductivity, add furtherfunctionality to the carbon coating. This is particularly useful in some of theactive materials used in electrochemical energy storage as they often have lowelectrical conductivity. Silicon anodes in Lithium-ion batteries is awell-known exampleADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1","itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1002/smll.200900382","abstract" : "Rechargeable lithium ion batteries are integral totoday's information-rich, mobile society. Currently they are one of the mostpopular types of battery used in portable electronics because of their highenergy density and flexible design. Despite their increasing use at the presenttime, there is great continued commercial interest in developing new andimproved electrode materials for lithium ion batteries that would lead todramatically higher energy capacity and longer cycle life. Silicon is one ofthe most promising anode materials because it has the highest known theoreticalcharge capacity and is the second most abundant element on earth. However,silicon anodes have limited applications because of the huge volume changeassociated with the insertion and extraction of lithium. This causes crackingand pulverization of the anode, which leads to a loss of electrical contact andeventual fading of capacity. Nanostructured silicon anodes, as compared to thepreviously tested silicon film anodes, can help overcome the above issues. Asarrays of silicon nanowires or nanorods, which help accom-modate the volumechanges, or as nanoscale compliant layers, which increase the stress resilienceof silicon films, nanoengineered silicon anodes show potential to enable a newgeneration of lithium ion batteries with significantly higher reversible chargecapacity and longer cycle life.", "author" : [ {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Teki", "given" : "Ranganath", "non-dropping-particle": "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" :"" }, { "dropping-particle" : "","family" : "Datta", "given" : "Moni K","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "","family" : "Krishnan", "given" :"Rahul", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Parker", "given" : "Thomas C","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Lu", "given" :"Toh-Ming", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Kumta", "given" : "Prashant N","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false,"suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Koratkar", "given" :"Nikhil", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ],"id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : {"date-parts" : [ [ "0" ] ] }, "title" :"Nanostructured Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion RechargeableBatteries", "type" : "article-journal" },"uris" : [ "http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=75575903-7138-3a05-b56a-47550697ca15"] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" :"[9]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[9]","previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[9]" },"properties" : { },"schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}where carbon encapsulation help improve the conductivity. Perhaps the mostcritical need for encapsulation in electrochemical energy storage is related tolarge volume changes that often occur during cycling[2]. This leads to particlefragmentation and to the loss of active material resulting in the capacitydecayADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1","itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1002/adfm.201502959","ISBN" : "1616-3028", "ISSN" : "16163028","abstract" : "Despite the high theoretical capacity of Sianodes, the electrochemical performance of Si anodes is hampered by severevolume changes during lithiation and delithiation, leading to poor cyclabilityand eventual electrode failure. Nanostructured silicon and its nanocompositeelectrodes could overcome this problem holding back the deployment of Si anodesin lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by providing facile strain relaxation, shortlithium diffusion distances, enhanced mass transport, and effective electricalcontact. Here, the recent progress in nanostructured Si-based anode materialssuch as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, porous Si, and their respectivecomposite materials and fabrication processes in the application of LIBs havebeen reviewed. The ability of nanostructured Si materials in addressing theabove mentioned challenges have been highlighted. Future research directions inthe field of nanostructured Si anode materials for LIBs are summarized. ","author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "","family" : "Rahman", "given" : "MdArafat", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Song", "given" : "Guangsheng","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Bhatt", "given" :"Anand I.", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Wong", "given" : "Yat Choy","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Wen", "given" :"Cuie", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ],"container-title" : "Advanced Functional Materials","id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts": [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "title" : "Nanostructured siliconanodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries", "type" :"article-journal" }, "uris" : ["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=1290744c-0601-3f4d-afc4-d4bb1518be64"] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" :"[11]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[11]","previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[11]" },"properties" : { },"schema" :"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}.Carbon encapsulation is not only useful to constrain this volume change, but bykeeping the fragmented particles together and conductive help provide asolution to the capacity decay.Particles can be carboncoated with a variety of methods. Although recently solution based methods becamequite common, traditionally this has been achieved via gas-phase synthesis.These include such methods as carbon arc discharge, spark discharge, chemicalvapor deposition and thermal plasma. Magnetic nanoparticles Fe, Ni, Co weresuccessfully synthesized using thermal plasma where the particles weretypically between 20 to 50 nm in size wrapped with several layers of graphite.Similar encapsulations were achieved for these metals using arc discharge orspark discharge processes. Since encapsulation, regardless of the method used,brings C and the element in contact with each other at high temperature, manyof the elements are converted into carbides. A detailed account of the possibleroutes leading to encapsulation was given by Seraphin et al.[3] and Elliot etal.ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ {"id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" :"10.1557/JMR.1997.0438", "ISSN" : "08842914","abstract" : "New and modified mechanisms are proposed toaccount for detailed\\nobservations of carbon encapsulation of Fe, Ni, and Conanocrystals. The\\nmechanisms are based on aerosol and gas phase chemistry andon the\\ncatalytic effects of transition metals, Two parameters are foundto\\nqualitatively dominate production: the local-path carbon-to-metal ratio\\n(LCM)and the global carbon-to-metal ratio (GCM). LCM's select which\\nmechanisms areactive along each pathway within the reactor, The GCM\\nplaces bounds upon anddetermines the weighting between different LCM's\\nand thus determines thedistribution of different nanoscale products\\nwithin the collected,macroscopic product, A two part processing\\nparameter --> mechanism -->product map links the components, The\\ngenerality of the model is discussedthroughout with reference to\\nrelated processes and the encapsulation of othermaterials.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Elliott", "given" :"B. R.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names": false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Host", "given" :"J. J.", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, {"dropping-particle" : "", "family" :"Dravid", "given" : "V. P.", "non-dropping-particle": "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" :"" }, { "dropping-particle" : "","family" : "Teng", "given" : "M. H.","non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" :false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" :"", "family" : "Hwang", "given" :"J. H.", "non-dropping-particle" : "","parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ],"container-title" : "Journal of Materials Research","id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "12","issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "1997" ] ] },"page" : "3328-3344", "title" : "A descriptivemodel linking possible formation mechanisms for graphite-encapsulatednanocrystals to processing parameters", "type" :"article-journal", "volume" : "12" },"uris" : ["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c3ae1666-b70b-4bae-8754-7c74e47ba579","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=cf14bfe6-1fe4-4b8d-9cc8-63552724f6a6"] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" :"[27]", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "[27]","previouslyFormattedCitation" : "[27]" },"properties" : { },"schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[4]. They mainly center on twodistinct possibilities in the formation of carbon shell. One is the expulsionof carbon trapped within the metal or carbide to the surface duringcrystallization of the core; this is the so called inside-out growth model. Theother is direct deposition of carbon shell onto the particle from externalcarbon source. Figure 1. Threecategories in the encapsulation of elemental particles [5]. The current study makes use of two methods; spark dischargeand thermal plasma in obtaining carbon encapsulated nanoparticles. The studyshowed that elements W, V, Ti, and Si formed carbides which were encapsulatedsuccessfully by graphitic layers forming a sound core-shell structure. Copperformed a partially filled core-shell structure, attributed to its relativelylow condensation temperature, where considerable shrinkage seemed to haveoccurred after the encapsulation. Mg could not be encapsulated in a core-shellform but rather yielded an embedded structure where Mg is condensed ontoalready condensed carbonaceous material. Analysis of current observationscoupled with those already reported data imply a simple mechanism forencapsulation. Metals/compounds that are solid above the condensationtemperature of carbon give rise to a sound core-shell structure. Elements whosecondensation temperature is less than that of carbon could still producecore-shell particles but they may be partially filled. It is estimated that theprocess of graphitic encapsulation may be complete around 1900 K and partiallyfilled core-shell structure might develop depending on the volume shrinkageupon cooling to room temperature. Elements/compounds whose condensationtemperature is below the encapsulation temperature fail to develop core-shellstructure. Instead they form embedded composite structure. During the presentation we willconcentrate on two anode materials; one is silicon within the context of Li-ionbatteries and the other is Mg within the context of for NiMH batteries </p
