1,354,796 research outputs found
Cadmium Sulfide-Porous Silicon nanocomposite structures
No full textOptimum conditions for the formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in a porous silicon matrix have been determined. The mechanisms of charge transfer in the formed heterostructures and their dependences on the porous layer properties and conditions of CdS nanoparticle synthesis have been studied. The spectral distribution and the intensity of photoluminescence are demonstrated to be governed by the concentration and the size of synthesized CdS nanocrystallites, as well as the efficiency of radiation recombination at deep centers bound with defects. © N.A. DAVIDENKO, G.V. KUZNETSOV, YU.S. MILOVANOV, 2013
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The nature of subjective control of Illusory Apparent Motion
No full textPolystable phenomena have been extensively studied to understand the constructive nature of perception (e.g., the Necker cube, duck-rabbit, binocular rivalry). A new polystable phenomenon, illusory apparent motion (IAM), with unique properties was recently discovered (Davidenko et al., 2017). IAM is generated in randomly refreshing pixel arrays. As a result, IAM, unlike other polystable phenomena, affords potentially counterless interpretations of the pixel motion and observers may not automatically experience an initial interpretation, instead having to rely on self-generated initial percepts. These unique properties of IAM raise a plethora of questions. In light of IAM’s unique properties, the four experiments presented here explore questions about the nature of subjective control of IAM. Experiments 1 and 2 ask whether observers can mentally control their perception of IAM (a feature common in other polystable phenomena). Experiment 1 explores this question using a motion priming and persistence task, based on the methods of Davidenko et al. (2017). Participants were presented with a series of priming frames that transitioned to frames of pure noise and reported with a single button press when the initial motion pattern appeared to change. Experiment 1 found that observers were able to mentally control IAM, evidenced by extended motion persistence when they were instructed to ‘hold’ and shortened motion persistence when they were instructed to ‘change.’ Experiment 2 explores the same question, but in a methodological context more in line with past subjective controls studies (Kohlers et al., 2008). For this task, participants were not assisted with motion primes, instead self-generating initial motion patterns, and reported their percepts dynamically throughout the trial. Experiment 2 found that participants were able to control their perception of IAM in this new, possibly more demanding, experimental context. Together, the results of Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that participants can subjectively control their perceptions of IAM. Experiment 3 explored questions about the potentially countless interpretations of IAM: how many interpretations of IAM can observers perceive and subjectively control? Experiment 3 tested 14 different motion types, half of which were motion types not yet explored in IAM studies (i.e., containing expansion, contraction, and shearing motion patterns). For each trial, participants were informed about one of the 14 motion types of instruction and, for one block, reported when they happened to perceive the instructed motion. In another block, participants were instructed to try and ‘hold’ the instructed motion. Experiment 3 found that observers were able to perceive many and control a few interpretations of IAM, supporting previous assumptions that observers likely experience more interpretations of IAM than other polystable phenomena. The last study, Experiment 4, explored whether it was possible to quantify some of the low- and high-level factors that can influence participants’ perception of IAM (e.g., subjective control, motion biases, motion coherence). To test this, participants were presented with two priming frames, followed by two test frames. The test frames were manipulated to present participants with (1) a nulling (prime-inconsistent) motion below and above their perceptual threshold, (2) with a facilitating (prime-consistent) motion below and above their perceptual threshold, and (3) with 0% motion. After each trial, participants reported the direction of motion that they perceived on the final two frames. Experiment 4 demonstrates that it’s possible to quantify a number of factors, including: the strength of the rebound bias, subjective control, motion nulling, and motion facilitation.Taken together, Experiments 1-4 lay the initial groundwork for exploring subjective control of IAM. Together they demonstrate subjective control in a variety of task conditions, suggest which motion types participants can control, and quantify the strength of subjective control
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A holistic advantage in face drawing: higher accuracy when drawing upright faces
No full textThis study looks into the conception that drawing or copying a face that is vertically inverted will improve the
accuracy of the drawing by preventing holistic interference. We had participants draw parameterized face profiles (both upright
and inverted) that were sampled from face space (see Davidenko, 2007). In each trial, participants were shown a face on
the left side of the screen and asked to copy it on the right side. We then recorded the location of 66 landmark points on
each face drawing, allowing us to compute a distance metric between each drawing and its corresponding original face. This
distance metric served as a measure of accuracy, with higher distances corresponding to greater errors. Contrary to common
belief, people’s drawings were significantly more accurate for upright versus inverted faces (t(15) = 4.9; p=0.0002). Our results
suggest that holistic processing improves, rather than impairs, the accuracy of face drawing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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