22 research outputs found
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography with Deep Learning Image Reconstruction: A Preliminary Study to Evaluate Radiation Exposure Reduction
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Birth-Related Subdural Hemorrhage in Asymptomatic Newborns: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prevalence and Evolution of Intracranial and Intraspinal Localization
No full textBackground: Neonatal birth-related intracranial subdural hemorrhages (SDHs) represent a form of bleeding inside the skull that occurs in newborns. This condition includes the extravasation of blood both in the encephalic parenchyma and in the extra-axial spaces. Recent studies have shown that SDH and particularly post-traumatic birth-related hemorrhages represent a frequent occurrence, but they are often asymptomatic. The gold standard for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with SDH is multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The aim of this study is to describe our experience by reporting several cases of SDH with different distribution and Central Nervous System involvement by the MRI of this pathology in infants up to 30 days of age. Methods: We analyzed the age and sex of the patients included in this study, the localization of SDH in different CNS areas, and their frequency using distribution plots and pie charts. Results: About the analysis of the SDH locations in the 32 patients, the most common location was the cerebellum (31/32, 96.9%), followed by parietal and occipital lobes (19/32, 59.4%; 18/32, 56.2%, respectively), falx cerebri (11/32, 34.4%), tentorium cerebelli (10/32, 31.2%), temporal lobes (6/32, 18.7%), and finally cervical and dorsal spine in the same patients (4/32, 12.5%). According to SDH locations, the patients were divided into supratentorial, infratentorial, both, and Spinal Canal. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the literature data regarding the neonatal birth-related SDH high frequency, but also allowed us to focus our attention on the rarest spinal SDH localizations with the same benign evolution
Intraperitoneal pelvic leiomyoma with atypical location in an old man: The role for MRI in the differential diagnosis
No full textEnlarged perivascular spaces under the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and severity of autism
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a literature review
No full textBackground: Differentiating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from its mimics is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, especially in the absence of aquaporin-4-IgG. While multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disease (MOGAD) represent major and well-defined differential diagnoses, non-demyelinating NMOSD mimics remain poorly characterized. Methods: We conducted a systematic review on Pubmed/Medline to identify reports of patients with non-demyelinating disorders that mimicked or were misdiagnosed as NMOSD. Three novel cases seen at the authors' institutions were also included. The characteristics of NMOSD mimics were analysed and red flags associated with misdiagnosis identified. Results: A total of sixty-eight patients were included; 35 (52%) were female. Median age at symptoms onset was 44 years (range, 1-78). Fifty-six (82%) patients did not fulfil the 2015 NMOSD diagnostic criteria. The clinical syndromes misinterpreted for NMOSD were myelopathy (41%), myelopathy+optic neuropathy (41%), optic neuropathy (6%), or other (12%). Alternative etiologies included genetic/metabolic disorders, neoplasms, infections, vascular disorders, spondylosis, and other immune-mediated disorders. Common red flags associated with misdiagnosis were lack of CSF pleocytosis (57%), lack of response to immunotherapy (55%), progressive disease course (54%), and lack of MRI gadolinium enhancement (31%). Aquaporin-4-IgG positivity was detected in five patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n=2), cell-based assay (n=2: serum, 1; CSF, 1), and non-specified assay (n=1). Conclusions: The spectrum of NMOSD mimics is broad. Misdiagnosis frequently results from incorrect application of diagnostic criteria, in patients with multiple identifiable red flags. False aquaporin-4-IgG positivity, generally from nonspecific testing assays, may rarely contribute to misdiagnosis
Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis and mimics
No full textThe diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) requires reasonable exclusion of other conditions. The aim of this study is to characterize mimickers and misdiagnoses of AE, thus we performed an independent PubMed search for mimickers of AEs or patients with alternative neurological disorders misdiagnosed as AE. Fifty-eight studies with 66 patients were included. Neoplastic (n = 17), infectious (n = 15), genetic (n = 13), neurodegenerative (n = 8), and other neurological (n = 8) or systemic autoimmune (n = 5) disorders were misdiagnosed as AE. The lack of fulfillment of diagnostic criteria for AE, atypical neuroimaging findings, non-inflammatory CSF findings, non-specific autoantibody specificities and partial response to immunotherapy were major confounding factors
